Table 1.
Investigations that reported senescence using established experimental models of hypertension or prohypertensive stimuli
| Experimental model of hypertension | Tissue/cell type | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aldosterone | Kidney | 26 | |
| VSMCs | 27 | ||
| Angiotensin II | Aorta | 28 | |
| Endothelial cells | 29 | ||
| EPCs | 30–35 | ||
| Endothelial cells | 36 | ||
| Kidney | 24,37 | ||
| Myocardium | 38 | ||
| VSMCs | 25,39–41, | ||
| Dahl Salt-sensitive rats | Aorta | 42 | |
| Myocardium | 43,44 | ||
| VSMCs | 45 | ||
| Deoxycorticosterone acetate rats | Coronary arteries | 24 | |
| Kidney | 24 | ||
| Myocardium | 24 | ||
| Human patient samples | Endothelial cells | 46 | |
| EPCs | 47 | ||
| Kidney | 24,48 | ||
| Leukocytes | 48 | ||
| VSMCs | 28,49,50 | ||
| Nitric oxide inhibition | Aorta | 51 | |
| EPCs | 52 | ||
| Endothelial cells | 53,54 | ||
| Spontaneously hypertensive rats | Aorta | 55,56 | |
| EPCs | 35,47,57,58 | ||
| Microvascular endothelial cells | 59 | ||
| Myocardium | 60 | ||
| Miscellaneous | Senescence inducer | ||
| Activated Ras | VSMCs | 61 | |
| Hydrogen peroxide | Endothelial cells | 62,63 | |
| Indoxyl sulfate | VSMCs | 45 | |
| Tert-butyl hydroperoxide or l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine | Endothelial cells | 64 | |
| Tumor necrosis factor α | Endothelial cells | 65 |
Abbreviations: EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell.