Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 2016 BRFSS participants overall and by oral health status
| Overall | Good oral health | Poor oral health | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 456 343) | (n = 221 366) | (n = 234 977) | ||
| Age, years, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| 18–24 | 25 195 (5.5%) | 22 256 (88.3%) | 2939 (11.7%) | |
| 25–34 | 45 895 (10.1%) | 34 141 (74.4%) | 11 754 (25.6%) | |
| 35–44 | 51 979 (11.4%) | 33 720 (64.9%) | 18 259 (35.1%) | |
| 45–54 | 72 906 (16.0%) | 39 860 (54.7%) | 33 046 (45.3%) | |
| 55–64 | 101 206 (22.2%) | 43 126 (42.6%) | 58 080 (57.4%) | |
| 65+ | 159 162 (34.9%) | 48 263 (30.3%) | 110 899 (69.7%) | |
| Race, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| White | 374 852 (83.9%) | 185 097 (49.4%) | 189 755 (50.6%) | |
| Black | 39 332 (8.8%) | 15 036 (38.2%) | 24 296 (61.8%) | |
| Asian | 10 580 (2.4%) | 6550 (61.9%) | 4030 (38.1%) | |
| Other | 22 253 (5.0%) | 9935 (44.7%) | 12 318 (55.4%) | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 198 022 (43.4%) | 97 647 (49.3%) | 100 375 (50.7%) | <0.0001 |
| E-cigarette use, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Daily user | 4957 (1.1%) | 2205 (44.5%) | 2752 (55.5%) | |
| Intermittent user | 10 062 (2.2%) | 4423 (44%) | 5639 (56%) | |
| None | 441 324 (96.7%) | 214 738 (48.6%) | 226 586 (51.4%) | |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Current smoker | 67 003 (14.8%) | 22 411 (33.4%) | 44 592 (66.6%) | |
| Non-smoker | 387 000 (85.2%) | 197 887 (51.1%) | 189 113 (48.9%) | |
| Smokeless tobacco users, n (%) | 14 948 (3.3%) | 7560 (50.6%) | 7388 (49.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Soda per month, mean (SD) | 11.7 (4.0) | 10.0 (39.0) | 12.0 (46.0) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol per month, mean (SD) | 2.2 (2.5) | 2.2 (2.3) | 2.2 (2.6) | 0.89 |
| Depression, n (%) | 80 999 (17.8%) | 32 809 (40.5%) | 48 190 (59.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 61 553 (13.5%) | 17 505 (28.4%) | 44 048 (71.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Physical health status, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Good | 283 685 (63.4%) | 150 799 (53.2%) | 132 886 (46.8%) | |
| Moderate | 102 442 (22.9%) | 49 500 (48.3%) | 52 942 (51.7%) | |
| Poor | 61 445 (13.7%) | 18 144 (29.5%) | 43 301 (70.5%) | |
| Visit to dentist, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Within past year | 310 166 (68.6%) | 164 623 (53.1%) | 145 543 (46.9%) | |
| Within past 2 years | 47 761 (10.6%) | 21 051 (44.1%) | 26 710 (55.9%) | |
| Within past 5 years | 40 080 (8.9%) | 15 962 (39.8%) | 24 118 (60.2%) | |
| More than 5 years ago | 50 920 (11.3%) | 16 222 (31.9%) | 34 698 (68.1%) | |
| Never | 3515 (0.8%) | 1937 (55.1%) | 1578 (44.9%) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| College and above | 293 897 (64.6%) | 164 589 (56%) | 129 308 (44%) | |
| Some high school | 160 618 (35.3%) | 55 956 (34.8%) | 104 662 (65.2%) | |
| None | 647 (0.1%) | 227 (35.1%) | 420 (64.9%) | |
| Yearly income, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| >$50 K | 185 889 (47.9%) | 114 395 (61.5%) | 71 494 (38.5%) | |
| $35–50 K | 55 907 (14.4%) | 25 134 (45%) | 30 773 (55%) | |
| $15–35 K | 106 815 (27.5%) | 37 992 (35.6%) | 68 823 (64.4%) | |
| <$15 K | 39 212 (10.1%) | 11 517 (29.4%) | 27 695 (70.6%) | |
| Region, n (%) | <0.0001 | |||
| Midwest | 109 694 (24%) | 56 004 (51.1%) | 53 690 (48.9%) | |
| Northeast | 90 433 (19.8%) | 42 889 (47.4%) | 47 544 (52,6%) | |
| South | 156 776 (34.4%) | 69 183 (44.1%) | 87 593 (55.9%) | |
| West | 99 440 (21.8%) | 53 290 (53.6%) | 46 150 (46.4%) |
∗ P value for comparisons between participants with good and poor oral health.