Kashyap 1986.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial
Participants	Preterm infants of birth weight 900 to 1750 g (excluding infants with gastrointestinal tract, renal, or respiratory problems)
Interventions	Sole diet: Nutrient‐enriched formula (N = 11) Energy (kcal/100 mL): 82.4 Protein (g/100 mL): 1.98 Target intake (mL/kg/d): 180 Standard formula (N = 12) Energy (kcal/100 mL): 62.5 Protein (g/100 mL): 1.26 Target intake (mL/kg/d): 180
Outcomes	Time to regain birth weight Rate of weight, length, and head circumference gain Rate of skinfold thickness gain ‐ triceps and subscapular
Identification	Sponsorship source: US National Institute of Health Research grants (HD13020, AM27358, RR00645); Bristol‐Myers Grant Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, USA (early 1980s)
Notes	Infants were randomised into 3 groups. Only data from group 1 ("standard formula") and group 3 ("nutrient‐enriched formula") were included in this review
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"...assigned randomly shortly after birth to receive one of three formulas" ‐ sequence generation not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Allocated colour‐coded formula ‐ investigators and nurses did not know how the codes applied to the formulas
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Formula containers were colour coded, with code known to neither the investigator nor nurses caring for the infants
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcome assessments likely to include complete cohort
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	A trial protocol could not be found, but data for all outcomes described in the methods section of the paper were reported in the results
Other bias	Unclear risk	The study was funded by a pharmaceutical company. It is unclear if this company was also the manufacturer of the formulas used in the study Infants in the standard formula group had slightly higher mean birth weight