TABLE XII.

Rate of Postoperative Osseous Nonunion by Surgery Type

Surgery Type	No. of Studies (N = 101)	No. of Patients (N = 7,526)	Total No. of Patients Affected	% of Patients Affected (95% CI)	I2	P Value*
Distal osteotomy	61 (60.4%)	5,489 (72.9%)	7	0.01 (0-0.06)	0%	1
Proximal osteotomy	14 (13.9%)	646 (8.6%)	2	0.03 (0-0.32)	0%	0.93
Shaft osteotomy†	6 (5.9%)	338 (4.5%)	0	0 (0-0.28)	0%	1
Joint hemiresection†	2 (2.0%)	75 (1.0%)	0	0 (0-1.28)	0%	1
Shaft and Akin osteotomies	2 (2.0%)	71 (0.9%)	1	1.21 (0-13.14)	70%	0.19
Proximal and Akin osteotomies	2 (2.0%)	156 (2.1%)	2	0.69 (0-6.09)	80%	0.11
First TMT arthrodesis‡§	5 (5.0%)	261 (3.5%)	13	3.77 (1.14-7.83)	50%	0.18
Other	9 (8.9%)	490 (6.5%)	1	0.05 (0-0.43)	0%	0.96
Total	101	7,526	26	0.04 (0.01-0.1)	0%	0.7

^*Cochran test for heterogeneity of studies within each surgery type.

^†Surgery type with lowest value.

^‡Surgery type with highest value.

^§TMT = tarsometatarsal.