Table 2.
Effects of chlorantraniliprole treatment on growth and development (mean ± SE) of A. ipsilon 3rd-instar larvae.
| Biological characteristics | Control | LC05 | LC25 | LC45 | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SE | n | Mean ± SE | n | Mean ± SE | n | Mean ± SE | ||
| Third-instar period (days) | 150 | 4.121 ± 0.108 a | 189 | 3.983 ± 0.067 ab | 197 | 3.773 ± 0.061 b | 216 | 3.381 ± 0.069 c | <0.0001 |
| Fourth-instar period (days) | 149 | 4.512 ± 0.080 a | 181 | 4.308 ± 0.087 a | 189 | 4.029 ± 0.088 b | 205 | 3.817 ± 0.095 b | <0.0001 |
| Fifth-instar period (days) | 146 | 5.867 ± 0.078 c | 172 | 6.384 ± 0.073 b | 176 | 6.531 ± 0.049 ab | 197 | 6.918 ± 0.119 a | <0.0001 |
| Sixth-instar period (days) | 143 | 7.498 ± 0.084 b | 167 | 7.920 ± 0.107 a | 168 | 7.822 ± 0.056 ab | 175 | 8.026 ± 0.052 a | 0.0020 |
| Seven-instar larvae (%) | 23 | 15.920 ± 0.272 c | 39 | 23.468 ± 0.379 b | 63 | 37.735 ± 0.276 a | 61 | 34.148 ± 0.139 a | <0.0001 |
| Pupation rate (%) | 139 | 97.455 ± 0.954 a | 158 | 94.443 ± 0.748 b | 148 | 88.918 ± 0.674 c | 142 | 81.075 ± 0.531 d | <0.0001 |
| Pupae with deformities (%) | 139 | 2.718 ± 0.035 d | 158 | 3.349 ± 0.046 c | 148 | 4.642 ± 0.012 b | 142 | 5.562 ± 0.048 a | <0.0001 |
| Female pupae period (days) | 70 | 14.608 ± 0.161 ab | 78 | 15.228 ± 0.237 a | 73 | 13.823 ± 0.235 b | 70 | 12.555 ± 0.227 c | 0.0003 |
| Male pupae period (days) | 69 | 13.575 ± 0.132 a | 80 | 14.085 ± 0.355 a | 75 | 13.055 ± 0.102 ab | 72 | 12.043 ± 0.162 b | 0.0028 |
| Female pupae weight (g) | 70 | 0.339 ± 0.013 a | 78 | 0.327 ± 0.009 ab | 73 | 0.293 ± 0.019 ab | 70 | 0.275 ± 0.016 b | 0.0404 |
| Male pupae weight (g) | 69 | 0.392 ± 0.006 a | 80 | 0.354 ± 0.017 a | 75 | 0.344 ± 0.036 a | 72 | 0.311 ± 0.007 a | 0.0903 |
| Adult emergence (%) | 134 | 96.575 ± 1.032 a | 150 | 94.493 ± 0.847 ab | 135 | 91.308 ± 0.878 b | 123 | 86.253 ± 0.990 c | <0.0001 |
| Sex ratio (♀/(♀ + ♂)) (%) | 134 | 50.650 ± 0.404 a | 150 | 50.333 ± 0.599 a | 135 | 49.180 ± 0.373 a | 123 | 48.643 ± 0.468 a | 0.0470 |
| Adults with deformities (%) | 134 | 3.443 ± 0.015 c | 150 | 4.250 ± 0.017 bc | 135 | 5.465 ± 0.026 ab | 123 | 6.245 ± 0.017 a | <0.0001 |
| Female adult longevity (days) | 68 | 14.128 ± 0.182 a | 75 | 14.458 ± 0.258 a | 66 | 13.490 ± 0.159 a | 60 | 12.725 ± 0.234 a | 0.0667 |
| Male adult longevity (days) | 66 | 13.265 ± 0.263 a | 75 | 13.325 ± 0.174 a | 69 | 12.518 ± 0.219 a | 63 | 11.378 ± 0.151 a | 0.0746 |
| APOPa (days) | 68 | 3.073 ± 0.079 b | 75 | 3.285 ± 0.038 ab | 66 | 3.815 ± 0.027 ab | 60 | 4.378 ± 0.046 a | 0.0204 |
| TPOPb (days) | 68 | 53.750 ± 0.783 c | 75 | 55.060 ± 0.482 bc | 66 | 56.145 ± 0.536 ab | 60 | 57.435 ± 0.689 a | 0.0007 |
| Oviposition period (days) | 68 | 8.788 ± 0.096 ab | 75 | 9.158 ± 0.202 a | 66 | 8.673 ± 0.097 ab | 60 | 8.148 ± 0.119 b | 0.0708 |
| Fecundity (eggs/♀) | 68 | 1210.423 ± 28.090 a | 75 | 1054.555 ± 46.164 b | 66 | 838.588 ± 17.816 c | 60 | 619.843 ± 12.393 d | <0.0001 |
| Eggs with deformities (%) | 68 | 5.570 ± 0.087 c | 75 | 7.155 ±± 0.105 bc | 66 | 10.083 ± 0.107 b | 60 | 14.673 ± 0.203 a | <0.0001 |
aAdult preoviposition period.
bTotal preoviposition period.
Means marked with different lowercase letters in the same row are significantly different (P < 0.05).