Table 2.

Effects of year (2014 and 2015), maize type (Bt maize and non-Bt maize) and sampling time on soil fauna diversity and abundance, analyzed using a three-way unequally spaced repeated-measure ANOVA.

Method	Variable	Diversity and abundance parameter
		Shannon-Wiener index		Simpson’s diversity index		Pielou’s evenness index		Number of species		Abundance
		(H′)		(D)		(J)		(S)		(N)
		F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P
Macfadyen	Year	13.37	0.006**	22.59	0.001***	23.97	0.001***	10.13	0.013*	9.00	0.017*
	Maize type	0.12	0.739	0.05	0.829	0.02	0.907	2.00	0.195	0.07	0.803
	Sampling time	4.69	0.004**	2.88	0.038*	3.91	0.011*	4.10	0.009**	15.41	0.003**
	Year × Maize type	1.04	0.339	0.97	0.354	0.43	0.531	0.50	0.500	0.06	0.82
	Year × Sampling time	5.30	0.002**	5.27	0.002**	6.15	0.001***	3.27	0.020*	19.43	0.002**
	Maize type × Sampling time	0.49	0.743	0.36	0.834	0.80	0.536	0.31	0.867	0.06	0.831
	Year × Maize type × Sampling time	0.86	0.500	0.68	0.614	0.40	0.806	0.57	0.683	0.03	0.892
	Mean ± SD (Bt maize)	0.847 ± 0.131		0.325 ± 0.056		0.391 ± 0.060		4.833 ± 0.464		671.100 ± 159.636
	Mean ± SD (non-Bt maize) maize)	0.818 ± 0.190		0.317 ± 0.083		0.387 ± 0.084		4.567 ± 0.654		725.900 ± 238.092
Hand-sorting	Year	0.06	0.821	0.20	0.668	0.09	0.768	0.04	0.850	0.58	0.468
	Maize type	0.53	0.487	0.88	0.377	0.87	0.379	0.04	0.850	0.35	0.573
	Sampling time	1.07	0.387	0.60	0.667	0.37	0.828	1.80	0.153	1.62	0.193
	Year × Maize type	0.35	0.572	0.11	0.753	0.00	0.96	1.37	0.275	0.58	0.468
	Year × Sampling time	3.16	0.027*	3.54	0.017*	3.17	0.026*	1.74	0.166	3.11	0.029*
	Maize type × Sampling time	2.25	0.085	1.25	0.312	0.64	0.637	2.24	0.086	1.52	0.221
	Year × Maize type × Sampling time	1.02	0.411	0.96	0.441	0.95	0.450	0.45	0.771	0.89	0.482
	Mean ± SD (Bt maize)	2.046 ± 0.172		0.734 ± 0.061		0.828 ± 0.058		5.700 ± 0.504		17.000 ± 2.562
	Mean ± SD (non-Bt maize)	2.142 ± 0.211		0.770 ± 0.052		0.858 ± 0.040		5.767 ± 0.733		16.100 ± 2.595

The values highlighted in bold are statistically significant (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001).