Table 2.
Appraisal of Qualitative Articles using the Modified Critical Appraisal Tool (MCAT). Theoretical appraisal was omitted from assessment as only 8 articles clearly stated their methodology and paradigm [20, 35, 38, 39, 42, 45, 50, 59].
| Study | Design | Fundamentals | Credibility | Dependability | Reporting | Utility | Overall Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robards et al. 2019 [60] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Low utility | High quality |
| Bellamy et al. 2017[28] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied | Moderate utility | High quality |
| Owens et al. 2016[45] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied | Moderate utility | High quality |
| McCann et al. 2016[38] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied | Satisfied | Mild utility | High quality |
| Russo et al. 2015[50] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied | Satisfied | Mild utility | High quality |
| Murray et al. 2010[39] | Qualitative | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied | Satisfied | Satisfied | Moderate utility | High quality |
| Liamputtong et al. 2006[35] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied | Low utility | High quality |
| Samuel et al. 2017[20] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Moderate utility | Acceptable quality |
| McBride et al. 2017[37] | Mixed Methods | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Mild utility | Acceptable quality |
| Yelland et al. 2016[58] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Low utility | Acceptable quality |
| Cheng et al. 2015[18] | Qualitative | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Mild utility | Acceptable quality |
| Nicol et al. 2014[41] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservation | Satisfied with reservations | Moderate utility | Acceptable quality |
| Riggs et al. 2012[47] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Moderate utility | Acceptable quality |
| Carolan et al. 2010[29] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Severe Limitations | Satisfied | Moderate utility | Acceptable quality |
| O’Callaghan et al. 2007[43] | Qualitative | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Mild utility | Acceptable quality |
| Omeri, A et al. 2006[44] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied | Limitations | Mild utility | Acceptable quality |
| Sievert et al. 2018[52] | Mixed Methods | Satisfied | Limitations | Limitations | Limitations | Moderate utility | Low quality |
| Valibhoy, Szwarc, et al. 2017[19] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Severe Limitations | Severe Limitations | Limitations | Moderate utility | Low quality |
| Valibhoy, Kaplan, et al. 2017[55] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Severe Limitations | Severe Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Moderate utility | Low quality |
| Riggs et al. 2017[49] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Limitations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Riggs et al. 2016[48] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Moderate utility | Low quality |
| Riggs, Yelland, Szwarc et al. 2016[59] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Limitations | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| McBride et al. 2016[36] | Mixed methods | Satisfied | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Moderate utility | Low quality |
| Kay et al. 2016[34] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Limitations | Severe Limitations | Limitations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Yelland et al. 2014[57] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Limitations | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Clark et al. 2014[31] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Limitations | Severe Limitations | Limitations | High utility | Low quality |
| Stapleton et al. 2013[53] | Mixed methods | Satisfied | Limitations | Satisfied | Limitations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Phillips et al. 2013[46] | Qualitative | Limitations | Severe Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Severe Limitations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Niner et al. 2013[42] | Qualitative | Limitations | Severe Limitations | Severe Limitations | Limitations | Moderate utility | Low quality |
| Correa-Velez et al. 2012[32] | Mixed methods | Satisfied | Limitations | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Sheikh et al. 2011[51] | Mixed methods | Limitations | Severe Limitations | Severe Limitations | Limitations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Henderson et al. 2011[33] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Satisfied with reservations | Mild utility | Low quality |
| Sypek et al. 2008[54] | Qualitative | Satisfied | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Severe Limitations | High utility | Low quality |
| Neale et al. 2007[40] | Mixed Methods | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Satisfied with reservations | Limitations | Low utility | Low quality |