Table 3.

Joint effects of human insulin and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on lung cancer.

Human insulin	COPD	Number of incident lung cancer	Number of cases followed	Adjusted hazard ratio	95% Confidence interval	P
No	No	11,064	747,030	1.000
Yes	No	1,937	115,739	1.383	(1.313–1.456)	<0.0001
No	Yes	2,613	103,867	1.429	(1.367–1.494)	<0.0001
Yes	Yes	1,070	40,981	1.891	(1.767–2.024)	<0.0001

Hazard ratios are adjusted for all variables in Table 1. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.