Figure 1.

Schematic for modified Kupchan method of liquid-liquid extraction. The plant material was macerated in dichloromethane and the extracts were decanted and filtered. The plant material was then soaked in methanol for one week and the methanol extract was decanted and filtered. The methanol and dichloromethane extracts were combined and dried under vacuum to give the total crude extract (TCE). Extraction with solvents of varying polarities then gave rise to 4 fractions: butanol fraction (WB), hexane fraction (FH), dichloromethane fraction (FD), and methanol fraction (FM). ZR=Z. zanthoxyloides LZT root; MeOH=methanol; DCM=dichloromethane; BuOH=butanol; Hex=n-hexane.