Table 4.
Estimated average intake of polyamines (μmol/day) in different studies.
| References | Study population | Total polyamines | Putrescine | Spermidine | Spermine |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Uniona (91) |
Adults | 353.6 | 211.9 | 87 | 54.7 |
| United Kingdom | 315.1 | 160.3 | 96.7 | 58.1 | |
| Finland | 343.6 | 222.6 | 71.9 | 49.1 | |
| Sweden | 362.9 | 250.5 | 70.0 | 42.3 | |
| Spain | 384.3 | 211.7 | 103.1 | 69.5 | |
| Italy | 387.7 | 247.4 | 83.6 | 56.7 | |
| Japan (63) |
Children and adults J-NNSb |
200 | 90 | 74 | 36 |
| United States of America (92) |
Adults 40 to 80 years |
249.5 | 159.1 | 54.7 | 35.7 |
| Sweden (93) |
Adolescents 17 years |
316 | 215.5 | 66 | 34.5 |
| Turkey (94) |
Adults 40 ± 19 years |
139.9 | 93.1 | 33.1 | 13.7 |
| Spain (95) |
Adults ENALIA IIc |
170 | – | – | – |
a
European Union: United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Finland, Sweden, and the Netherlands.
b
J-NNS: Nationwide nutrition survey in Japan.
c
Spanish national dietary survey in adults, elderly and pregnant women.