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. 2018 Sep 28;19(11):2446–2458. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12721

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the regions of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) predicted to target FRIGIDA‐like protein 3 (FRL3) mRNA of tomato plants. (A) Schematic view of the PSTVd structure showing the five structural/functional domains namely, the terminal left (TL), pathogenicity (P), central conserved region (CCR), variable (V) and terminal right (TR). The viroid‐derived small RNA (vd‐sRNA) derived from the TL domain of the (+) strand of PSTVd was predicted to target the FRL3 mRNA of tomato plants. The sequences are shown in the complementary polarity. UTR, untranslated region. (B) The duplexes predicted to form between the tomato FRL3 mRNA targets and all of the possible vd‐sRNAs derived from PSTVd. (C) The tomato plants were subjected to a knockdown assay using a virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique in order to verify the roles of the FRL3 mRNA in both the plant’s morphology and the induction of early flowering. At 30 days post‐infection (dpi), the plants exhibited phenotypic alterations. pTRV‐EV, plants agroinfiltrated with TRV2 empty vector; pTRV‐PDS, plants agroinfiltrated with pTRV:PDS; pTRV‐FRL3, plants agroinfiltrated with pTRV‐FRL3. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]