Figure 1.

Antibacterial activity of Bacillus spp. volatiles against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Each isolated Bacillus spp. strain was cultured in one compartment of the divided plates containing Luria broth (LB) medium. Xoo was cultured in a separate compartment containing nutrient agar (NA) medium. Control plates contained Xoo on one half and no Bacillus‐inoculated LB medium on the other half. After incubation for 6 days, the rates of Xoo growth inhibition by volatiles emitted from Bacillus were measured. Inhibition rate (%) = (average colony diameter of control – average colony diameter of treatment)/average colony diameter of control × 100%. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance, followed by Fisher's least‐significant difference test (P < 0.05), employing SPSS software (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). All error bars represent standard deviations. Asterisks above the bars indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05).