Table 2.
List of representative chloroplast‐ and photosynthesis‐related genes affected by virus infection.
| Virus–host | Gene | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Cucumber mosaic virus–tobacco | Chlorophyll synthesis enzymes | Mochizuki et al. ( 2014b) |
| Glutamyl tRNA reductase (hemA gene) | ||
| Protoporphyrin IX oxidase | ||
| Mg protoporphyrin IX chelatase (ChlH) | ||
| Mg protoporphyrin chelatase subunit (ChlI) | ||
| S‐Adenosyl‐l‐methionine Mg‐protoporphyrin IX methyltranserase (ChlM) | ||
| NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase | ||
| Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) | ||
| Antenna proteins | ||
| Photosystem I (PSI) light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b‐binding protein | ||
| Chloroplast pigment‐binding protein | ||
| Light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b‐binding protein precursor | ||
| PSI‐related proteins | ||
| Photosystem I reaction centre subunit X psaK | ||
| Photosystem I psaH protein precursor | ||
| Photosystem I reaction centre subunit IV A | ||
| Photosystem I subunit XI | ||
| PSII‐related proteins | ||
| Chloroplast photosystem II PsbR | ||
| Photosystem II P680 chlorophyll A apoprotein | ||
| Photosystem II 23‐kDa polypeptide | ||
| Photosystem II 44‐kDa reaction centre protein | ||
| Oxygen‐evolving complex 33‐kDa photosystem II protein (PsbO) | ||
| Chloroplast oxygen‐evolving protein 16‐kDa subunit | ||
| Electron transport chain | ||
| Plastid quinol oxidase | ||
| Cytochrome b6 | ||
| RuBisCO proteins | ||
| Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large‐chain precursor | ||
| Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small chain | ||
| Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase | ||
| Chlorophyll catabolism | ||
| Chlorophyllase mRNA | ||
| Red chlorophyll catabolite reductase | ||
| Chloroplast differentiation | ||
| Plastid division regulator MinD mRNA | ||
| FtsZ‐like chloroplast protein | ||
| Antioxidant defence | ||
| Superoxide dismutase [Fe] | ||
| Stromal ascorbate peroxidase | ||
| Thylakoid‐bound ascorbate peroxidase | ||
| Glutathione reductase | ||
| Radish leaf curl betasatellite–Nicotiana benthamiana | Chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosystem | Bhattacharyya et al. ( 2015) |
| Chlorophyll synthase (ChlG) | ||
| Mg protoporphyrin IX chelatase (ChlH) | ||
| Mg protoporphyrin chelatase subunit (ChlI) | ||
| Glutamyl tRNA reductase (hemA gene) | ||
| Ferrochelatase | ||
| Photosystem II protein T | ||
| 33‐kDa protein of oxygen‐evolving complex (PsbO) | ||
| 23‐kDa protein of oxygen‐evolving complex (PsbP) | ||
| RuBisCO | ||
| Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit | ||
| Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit | ||
| Plastid development and chloroplast defence | ||
| ATP‐dependent ClpP1 protease | ||
| Maturase K | ||
| Allene oxide cyclase 3, chloroplast precursor | ||
| Tobamoviruses–Nicotiana benthamiana | 33‐kDa protein of oxygen‐evolving complex (PsbO) | Pérez‐Bueno et al. ( 2004) |
| 23‐kDa protein of oxygen‐evolving complex (PsbP) | ||
| Pepper mild mottle virus–Nicotiana benthamiana | Photosystem I PsaD protein | Pineda et al. ( 2010) |
| Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit | ||
| Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit | ||
| Ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase | ||
| Cytochrome f | ||
| Ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase | ||
| Glutamine synthetase | ||
| Phosphoribulokinase | ||
| Phosphoglycerate kinase | ||
| Sedoheptulose‐1,7‐bisphosphatase |