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. 2018 Apr 16;19(8):2011–2024. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12677

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Proline iminopeptidase (PIP) interference with the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway in host Arabidopsis plants. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis of SA biogenesis and signalling pathway gene expression in wild‐type Col‐0, transgenic pip and pip S106A plants, including (A) ICS1, (B) NPR1, (C) EDS1 and (D) PAD4, with actin2 as the internal reference. (E) Free SA levels in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)‐infected plants measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MC/MS). Error bar represents SEM (standard error of the mean) for at least three replicates with statistical analysis using a one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA; **P < 0.001, *P < 0.05). FW, fresh weight; hpi, hours post‐inoculation.