Table 1.

Pathogens and diseases discussed in this review.

Pathogen	Disease	Host	Vector	References
Walled phloem‐limited bacteria
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Candidatus Liberibacter africanus	Citrus greening, Huanglongbing (HLB)	Citrus L. – all economically important citrus species, as well as close citrus relatives	Psyllids: Diaphorina citri, Trioza eritreae	Haapalainen (2014); Wang and Trivedi (2013)
Candidatus Phlomobacter fragariae	Marginal chlorosis of strawberry	Fragaria × ananassa	Planthopper: Cixius wagneri	Danet et al., (2003); Nourrisseau et al. (1993)
Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus	Low‐sugar syndrome (‘Basses richesses’) of sugar beet	Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris	Planthopper: Pentastiridius leporinus	Bressan et al. (2012); Sémétey et al. (2007)
Serratia marcescens	Cucurbit yellow vine disease	Cucurbitaceae sp.	Squash bug: Anasa tristis	Bruton et al. (2003); Rascoe et al. (2003)
Wall‐less phloem‐limited bacteria
Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris/Aster Yellows Witches' Broom (AY‐WB), Aster yellows 16SrI‐A subgroup	Aster Yellows (AY)	Daucus carota ssp. sativus, Allium sepa L., Lactuca sativa L., Apium graveolens, Asteraceae	Leafhopper: Macrosteles quadrilineatus	Bai et al. (2006); Bertaccini et al. (2014)
Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris/Onion Yellows (OY), 16SrI‐B subgroup	Onion Yellows (OY)	Allium sepa L., Catharanthus roseus, Asteraceae	Leafhopper: Macrosteles striifrons	Bertaccini et al. (2014); Miyahara et al. (1982)
Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis/Flavescence dorée (FD), Elm Yellows 16SrV‐C and 16SrV‐D subgroup	Grapevine yellows: Flavescence dorée (FD)	Vitis vinifera	Leafhopper: Scaphoideus titanus	Bertaccini et al. (2014)*
Candidatus Phytoplasma solani/Bois Noir (BN), Stolbur 16SrXII‐A subgroup	Grapevine Yellows: Bois Noir (BN)	Vitis vinifera, wild hosts include Convolvulus arvensis L., Urtica dioica L.	Leafhopper: Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret	Bertaccini et al. (2014) †
Candidatus Phytoplasma mali/Apple proliferation (AP), Apple proliferation 16SrX‐A subgroup	Apple proliferation	Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Prunus avium, Prunus armeniaca, Corylus spp.; wild hosts include Cynodon dactylon, Convolvulus arvensis	Psyllids: Cacopsylla costalis, C. mali, C. melanoneura; Leafhopper: Fiebierella florii	Bertaccini et al. (2014) ‡
Spiroplasma kunkelii	Corn stunt	Zea genus: Z. maydis, Z. perennis, Z. mays mexicana, Z. diploperennis, Z. luxurians	Leafhoppers: Dalbulus maidis, D. eliminatus, Exitianus exitiosus, Graminella nigrifons, Stirellus bicolor	Whitcomb et al. (1986) §
Spiroplasma citri	Citrus stubborn; Brittle root disease of horseradish	Citrus L., Amoracia rusticana Brassica spp., wild hosts include Vinca rosea, Sisymbrium irio, Raphanus raphanistrum L.	Leafhoppers: Circulifer tenellus, C. haematoceps, Scaphytopius nitridus, S. delongi	Fletcher et al. (1981); Saglio et al. (1973)
Phloem‐limited viruses
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)	Citrus tristeza, Seedling Yellows	Citrus L. – all economically important citrus species	Aphids: Toxoptera citricida, Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola, Toxoptera aurantii	Bar‐Joseph et al. (1989); Moreno et al. (2008)
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)	Potato leaf roll	Solanaceae including Solanum tuberosum spp.	Aphids: Myzus persicae	Taliansky et al. (2003) ¶
Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)	Squash leaf curl	Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae	Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci	Cohen et al. (1983)**

This table is not intended to be exhaustive, and further host and vector species, as well as diseases, may be associated with these pathogens.

*CABI ISC datasheet 7642 (http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/7642).

^†CABI ISC datasheet 7642 (http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/7642).

^‡CABI ISC datasheet 6502 (http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/6502).

^§CABI ISC datasheet 50978 (http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/50978).

^¶Harrison, B.D. (1984) CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. Potato leafroll virus 291 (no. 36 revised) (http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno = 291).

**Duffus, J.E. and Stenger, D.C. (1998) CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses, Squash leaf curl virus 358 (http://www.dpvweb.net/dpv/showdpv.php?dpvno = 358).