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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 18.
Published in final edited form as: Biogeosciences. 2018;15:7059–7076. doi: 10.5194/bg-15-7059-2018

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Integration of FEST-C (EPIC/WRF/CMAQ) and SWAT: EPIC was used to simulate agricultural land because of its complexity in simulating agricultural production and related pollutant loadings, as well as its interaction with CMAQ and WRF. HAWQS-SWAT simulates non-agricultural land and takes in FEST-C output from agricultural land at an outlet of a subwatershed, then simulates stream and channel processes, and routes combined loadings to the outlet.