Table 2.
Putatively identified metabolites differentially abundant in SnToxA‐treated wheat.
| Metabolite and ID | * | H2O | ToxA | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 h | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 4 h | 12 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | ||
| Amino acids | |||||||||||
| l‐Isoleucine_16.4189_1295_158_S | B | 2.75 ± 1.38 | 1.06 ± 0.61 | 2.15 ± 0.85 | 2.62 ± 0.9 | 2.06 ± 0.73 | 0.95 ± 0.43 | 0.71 ± 0.31 | ND | 6.55 ± 2.39 | 6.21 ± 2.85 |
| l‐Glycine_16.7004_1307_174_S | A | 11.07 ± 6.01 | 12.72 ± 7.56 | ND | 64.82 ± 22.86 | 66.2 ± 25.46 | ND | 6.64 ± 3.41 | 11.75 ± 6.49 | 22.08 ± 10.96 | 21.66 ± 8.15 |
| Aspartic acid_21.7171_1522_232 | B | 9.44 ± 2.62 | 11.53 ± 4.11 | 26.24 ± 5.6 | 32.07 ± 11.75 | 51.8 ± 10.82 | 19.28 ± 3.09 | 6.42 ± 3 | 22.53 ± 4.97 | 22.63 ± 6.63 | 22.12 ± 4.98 |
| Asparagine_24.8197_1692_116 | C | 11.22 ± 2.82 | 11.04 ± 7.46 | 64.67 ± 11.38 | 119.7 ± 40.45 | 150.3 ± 39.78 | 20.31 ± 5.27 | 2.5 ± 2.47 | 43.43 ± 10.59 | 28.84 ± 11.71 | 32.32 ± 15.15 |
| Organic acids | |||||||||||
| Glyceric acid_17.3134_1338_189 | B | 4.23 ± 0.85 | 1.93 ± 0.26 | 3.17 ± 0.23 | 2.76 ± 0.88 | 3.26 ± 1.05 | 4.31 ± 1.22 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 2.07 ± 0.74 | 3.54 ± 1.21 | 7.66 ± 0.57 |
| Malic acid_21.0415_1489_233 | C | 45.6 ± 3.66 | 32.85 ± 6.1 | 25.11 ± 3.2 | 19.49 ± 4.67 | 23.09 ± 1.67 | 52.03 ± 8.29 | 37.87 ± 4.17 | 29.35 ± 7.16 | 68.63 ± 7.1 | 101.1 ± 11.95 |
| Pyroglutamic acid_21.7484_1524_156 | B | 43.42 ± 9.24 | 37.48 ± 10.58 | 105.9 ± 11.76 | 173.1 ± 32.22 | 145.9 ± 18.99 | 41.56 ± 5.26 | 16.5 ± 1.92 | 80.44 ± 14.96 | 91.84 ± 14.01 | 104.3 ± 15.91 |
| GABA_21.911_1525_174_S | B | 3.09 ± 1.08 | 1.16 ± 0.16 | 2.94 ± 0.88 | 3.38 ± 0.54 | 5.82 ± 1.12 | 2.08 ± 0.26 | 1.29 ± 0.3 | 2.15 ± 0.55 | 15.12 ± 2.94 | 9.6 ± 2.43 |
| N‐Acetylglutamic aid_22.0486_1540_84 | B | 3.44 ± 2.12 | ND | 15.9 ± 2.93 | 20.23 ± 6.66 | 36.03 ± 7.04 | 7.21 ± 1.08 | ND | 13.41 ± 2.23 | 17.53 ± 4.07 | 15.88 ± 6.05 |
| Erythronic acid _22.1612_1547_292 | C | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.6 ± 0.07 | 1.06 ± 0.05 |
| Threonic acid_22.5428_1568_292 | C | 3.27 ± 0.21 | 2.73 ± 0.22 | 0.98 ± 0.1 | 0.85 ± 0.08 | 1.53 ± 0.22 | 2.48 ± 0.2 | 2.48 ± 0.2 | 1.09 ± 0.11 | 5.64 ± 0.76 | 11.09 ± 1.08 |
| 2‐Ketoglutaric acid_22.9744_1591_198 | B | 0.29 ± 0.12 | ND | 0.47 ± 0.1 | 0.49 ± 0.11 | 0.71 ± 0.07 | 0.31 ± 0.07 | ND | ND | 0.51 ± 0.12 | 0.25 ± 0.11 |
| Ribonic acid_26.3147_1774_333 | C | 0.32 ± 0.03 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.59 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.65 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.04 |
| Glyceric acid‐3‐phosphate_27.4032_1834_299 | B | 2.01 ± 0.32 | ND | 2.27 ± 0.32 | 3.43 ± 0.99 | 3.46 ± 1.16 | 1.96 ± 0.47 | 0.25 ± 0.12 | 3.1 ± 0.68 | 1.75 ± 0.41 | 0.89 ± 0.3 |
| Citric acid_27.6096_1845_273 | C | 14.68 ± 1.89 | 22.53 ± 2.37 | 24.45 ± 3.52 | 35.18 ± 3.7 | 38.26 ± 2.37 | 17.2 ± 1.47 | 16.27 ± 1.03 | 27.4 ± 2.64 | 49.34 ± 4.13 | 70.48 ± 7.67 |
| Dehydroascorbic acid_28.1038_1872_173 | B | 1.6 ± 0.77 | 1.84 ± 0.46 | 1.56 ± 0.17 | 2.13 ± 0.24 | 1.76 ± 0.14 | 0.81 ± 0.11 | 1.45 ± 0.66 | 1.17 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.18 | 0.7 ± 0.04 |
| Quinic acid_28.2664_1881_345 | C | 91.78 ± 6 | 144.0 ± 13.86 | 36.44 ± 2.89 | 32.09 ± 4.1 | 30.37 ± 2.54 | 97.74 ± 5.72 | 140.0 ± 11.94 | 40.31 ± 5.58 | 102.0 ± 15.83 | 258.8 ± 17.67 |
| Ascorbic acid_29.874_1970_332 | B | 6.54 ± 1.94 | 8.83 ± 1.22 | 18.06 ± 2.04 | 17.82 ± 1.97 | 21.18 ± 4.71 | 9.18 ± 1.44 | 7.65 ± 1.47 | 17.63 ± 1.36 | 13.05 ± 2.26 | 11.03 ± 2.54 |
| Glucaric acid_30.8498_2023_333 | C | 0.61 ± 0.07 | 0.64 ± 0.06 | ND | 0.14 ± 0.07 | ND | 0.69 ± 0.05 | 0.77 ± 0.06 | 0.46 ± 0.17 | 0.45 ± 0.15 | 0.22 ± 0.11 |
| Galactonic acid_30.9249_2027_292 | C | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.1 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.09 ± 0 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.2 ± 0.03 |
| Glucuronic acid_43.7858_2929_217 | C | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | ND | 0.1 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | ND | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.05 | 0.72 ± 0.11 |
| Sugars/sugar alcohols | |||||||||||
| Erythritol_21.4106_1505_217 | B | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.27 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.06 |
| Xylose_24.6133_1681_103 | B | 0.78 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.78 ± 0.06 | 0.35 ± 0.12 | 0.25 ± 0.11 | 0.23 ± 0.14 |
| Xylulose_24.9073_1697_205 | B | 1.79 ± 0.21 | 1.72 ± 0.18 | 1.22 ± 0.2 | 0.77 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.17 | 1.66 ± 0.26 | 1.85 ± 0.23 | 1.11 ± 0.27 | 1.65 ± 0.21 | 2.13 ± 0.27 |
| Ribose_24.9198_1691_103_S | B | 2.9 ± 0.4 | 2.67 ± 0.44 | 2.22 ± 0.55 | 0.76 ± 0.42 | 1.55 ± 0.49 | 2.81 ± 0.39 | 2.6 ± 0.22 | 2.38 ± 0.67 | 2.92 ± 0.6 | 3.52 ± 1.08 |
| Arabinitol_25.7017_1741_217 | B | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.3 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 0.4 ± 0.03 | 0.4 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.02 | 0.63 ± 0.07 |
| Fructofuranoside_26.7776_1800_217 | C | ND | 0.2 ± 0.05 | ND | 0.44 ± 0.21 | 0.25 ± 0.16 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.12 | 0.82 ± 0.08 | 1.84 ± 0.22 |
| Fructose_28.5041_1894_103 | C | 51.5 ± 6.57 | 23.39 ± 2.79 | 13.04 ± 0.64 | 7.02 ± 2.39 | 10.97 ± 1.28 | 29.19 ± 1.8 | 16.91 ± 1.76 | 12.2 ± 1.7 | 36.41 ± 0.94 | 32.73 ± 5.89 |
| Fructose {BP}_28.6855_1904_103 | C | 35.13 ± 5.18 | 16.36 ± 2.13 | 9.33 ± 0.5 | 7.26 ± 0.61 | 7.65 ± 1.02 | 21.52 ± 1.05 | 11.3 ± 1.24 | 8.66 ± 1.28 | 24.98 ± 0.73 | 21.96 ± 3.45 |
| Galactose_28.8231_1912_319 | B | 1.54 ± 0.28 | 1.37 ± 0.1 | 0.75 ± 0.05 | 0.68 ± 0.07 | 0.63 ± 0.04 | 1.07 ± 0.08 | 1.09 ± 0.09 | 0.55 ± 0.15 | 0.94 ± 0.12 | 0.94 ± 0.05 |
| Sedoheptulose_32.4637_2112_319 | C | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.07 | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 1.33 ± 0.17 | 1.97 ± 0.21 | 0.48 ± 0.1 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 1.66 ± 0.08 | 3.48 ± 0.21 |
| 2‐O‐Glycerol‐α‐d‐galactopyranoside_35.6539_2315_204 | C | 0.36 ± 0.12 | 0.42 ± 0.09 | 0.26 ± 0.13 | 0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.51 ± 0.1 | 0.69 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.63 ± 0.21 | 10.83 ± 1.31 | 6.51 ± 0.63 |
| Glucose‐6‐phosphate_35.704_2319_387 | C | 0.74 ± 0.28 | ND | 0.25 ± 0.17 | 0.42 ± 0.14 | ND | 0.99 ± 0.23 | 0.52 ± 0.11 | 0.57 ± 0.19 | 1.05 ± 0.24 | 0.69 ± 0.32 |
| Maltose_41.6402_2752_361 | B | ND | 0.45 ± 0.04 | 0.52 ± 0.04 | 0.66 ± 0.08 | 0.63 ± 0.06 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.36 ± 0.09 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.17 ± 0.08 |
| Isomaltose_41.7216_2758_204 | B | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.18 ± 0.06 | ND | ND | ND | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.34 ± 0.11 |
| Other | |||||||||||
| Glycerol_15.8997_1280_205 | A | ND | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | ND | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02 |
| myo‐Inositol_32.176_2096_318 | C | 11.86 ± 1.63 | 10.13 ± 0.76 | 12.15 ± 0.76 | 13.48 ± 1.06 | 17.28 ± 1.19 | 10.93 ± 0.68 | 10.68 ± 0.83 | 13.85 ± 1.73 | 9.93 ± 1.34 | 8.91 ± 0.7 |
Metabolites are identified in the format ‘name_retention time_retention index_base peak’. Metabolite abundances less than 0.01 are listed as not detected (ND). Data are primarily from 20 : 1 split gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis; however, the abundance of a number of metabolites was calculated from splitless data and annotated with an ‘_S’ extension to the metabolite ID. *Statistical significance (combination of treatment and treatment × time) as determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) is indicated as A (P < 0.05), B (P < 0.01) or C (P < 0.001). A false discovery rate (FDR) method was applied.