Table 1. Comparison of the characteristics of mothers and children at the inclusion into the phase 2 of the ANRS-PEDIACAM study according to infant HIV status, Cameroun, Nov. 2007- Dec.2015.
| Inclusion group | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV infected children | HIV uninfected children | Total | P | ||||||||
| HI | HIL | HEU | HUU | ||||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Mothers characteristics | 69 | 11.3 | 141 | 23.1 | 205 | 33.6 | 196 | 32.1 | 611 | 100 | |
| Clinical site | |||||||||||
| MCH/MCC-CBF * | 30 | 43.5 | 76 | 53.9 | 98 | 47.8 | 95 | 48.5 | 299 | 48.9 | 0.40 |
| LH † | 19 | 27.5 | 25 | 17.7 | 55 | 26.8 | 41 | 20.9 | 140 | 22.9 | |
| EHC ‡ | 20 | 29.0 | 40 | 28.4 | 52 | 25.4 | 60 | 30.6 | 172 | 28.2 | |
| Mother’s vital status | |||||||||||
| Deceased | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 10.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 15 | 2.5 | < .001 |
| Mother’s marital status | |||||||||||
| Married | 44 | 63.8 | 85 | 60.3 | 135 | 65.9 | 133 | 67.9 | 397 | 65.0 | 0.87 |
| Cohabitation | 2 | 2.9 | 4 | 2.8 | 5 | 2.4 | 3 | 1.5 | 14 | 2.3 | |
| Single/divorced/widow | 23 | 33.3 | 50 | 35.5 | 65 | 31.7 | 60 | 30.6 | 198 | 32.4 | |
| Mother’s level of education | |||||||||||
| Higher education | 8 | 11.6 | 6 | 4.3 | 43 | 21.0 | 84 | 42.9 | 141 | 23.1 | < .001 |
| Secondary | 48 | 69.6 | 80 | 56.7 | 123 | 60.0 | 103 | 52.6 | 354 | 57.9 | |
| Primary | 12 | 17.4 | 53 | 37.6 | 37 | 18.0 | 8 | 4.1 | 110 | 18.0 | |
| Electricity at home | |||||||||||
| Yes | 65 | 94.2 | 111 | 78.7 | 196 | 95.6 | 194 | 99.0 | 566 | 92.6 | < .001 |
| No | 2 | 2.9 | 24 | 17.0 | 5 | 2.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 31 | 5.1 | |
| Water supply at home | |||||||||||
| Yes | 36 | 52.2 | 63 | 44.7 | 106 | 51.7 | 141 | 71.9 | 346 | 56.6 | < .001 |
| No | 31 | 44.9 | 72 | 51.1 | 95 | 46.3 | 51 | 26.0 | 249 | 40.8 | |
| Functional fridge at home | |||||||||||
| Yes | 34 | 49.3 | 53 | 37.6 | 108 | 52.7 | 138 | 70.4 | 333 | 54.5 | < .001 |
| No | 32 | 46.4 | 80 | 56.7 | 92 | 44.9 | 53 | 27.0 | 257 | 42.1 | |
| Children characteristics | |||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Female | 42 | 60.9 | 75 | 53.2 | 108 | 52.7 | 98 | 50.0 | 323 | 52.9 | 0.49 |
| SGAG at birth $ | |||||||||||
| Yes | 13 | 18.8 | 7 | 5.0 | 17 | 8.3 | 4 | 2.0 | 41 | 6.7 | < .001 |
| No | 56 | 81.2 | 101 | 71.6 | 188 | 91.7 | 191 | 97.4 | 536 | 87.7 | |
| Small size at birth | |||||||||||
| Yes | 4 | 5.8 | 3 | 2.1 | 13 | 6.3 | 1 | 0.5 | 21 | 3.4 | < .001 |
| No | 57 | 82.6 | 36 | 25.5 | 189 | 92.2 | 191 | 97.4 | 473 | 77.4 | |
| Hospitalisation | |||||||||||
| Yes | 14 | 20.3 | 78 | 55.3 | 10 | 4.9 | 4 | 2.0 | 106 | 17.3 | < .001 |
| No | 52 | 75.4 | 63 | 44.7 | 195 | 95.1 | 192 | 98.0 | 502 | 82.2 | |
| Chronic pathologies | |||||||||||
| Yes | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 8.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 14 | 2.3 | < .001 |
| No | 65 | 94.2 | 106 | 75.2 | 205 | 100.0 | 194 | 99.0 | 570 | 93.3 | |
| Diarrhea | |||||||||||
| Yes | 9 | 13.0 | 55 | 39.0 | 8 | 3.9 | 8 | 4.1 | 80 | 13.1 | < .001 |
| No | 55 | 79.7 | 83 | 58.9 | 197 | 96.1 | 188 | 95.9 | 523 | 85.6 | |
| CD4 (in %) | |||||||||||
| < 25 | 30 | 43.5 | 95 | 67.4 | 15 | 7.3 | 28 | 14.3 | 168 | 27.5 | < .001 |
| ≥ 25 | 34 | 49.3 | 43 | 30.5 | 185 | 90.2 | 156 | 79.6 | 418 | 68.4 | |
| Anemia | |||||||||||
| Mild | 18 | 26.1 | 24 | 17.0 | 18 | 8.8 | 25 | 12.8 | 85 | 13.9 | < .001 |
| Moderate / Severe | 16 | 23.2 | 58 | 41.1 | 8 | 3.9 | 10 | 5.1 | 92 | 15.1 | |
| No | 31 | 44.9 | 56 | 39.7 | 177 | 86.3 | 149 | 76.0 | 413 | 67.6 | |
| Status | |||||||||||
| Compliant | 35 | 50.7 | 75 | 53.2 | 100 | 48.8 | 107 | 54.6 | 317 | 51.9 | < .001 |
| Deceased | 13 | 18.8 | 44 | 31.2 | 6 | 2.9 | 3 | 1.5 | 66 | 10.8 | |
| Not compliant | 21 | 30.4 | 22 | 15.6 | 99 | 48.3 | 86 | 43.9 | 228 | 37.3 | |
HI: HIV infected followed since birth; HIL: HIV infected diagnosed before 7 months old; HEU: HIV uninfected born to infected mothers; HUU: HIV uninfected born to uninfected mothers
*MCH/MCC-CBF = Maternity of the Central hospital/Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation
† LH = Laquintinie Hospital
‡ EHC = Essos Hospital Center
$ SGAG = Small for Gestational Age and Gender; Compliant: children regularly monitored; Chronic pathologies: included chronic diseases or malformations observed and notified by the clinician since the last visit; Anemia: obtained from the level of hemoglobin, according to the 2011 WHO criteria; Not compliant: lost-to-follow-up for over a year before 5 years.