Table 2.

Trends in reproductive health indicators [29] Permission needed

	Reproductive Diseases/Disorders	Increase	Period	Location	Ref.
	Testicular cancer	1 – 6%	1953 - 1999	Europe	[34]
	Testicular cancer	60%	1973 - 2003	USA	[35]
	Certain childhood cancers	20 – 24%	1976 - 2005	USA	[36]
	Autism	57%	2002 - 2006	USA	[37]
	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	3% per year	1997 - 2006	USA	[38]
	Birth defects:
	Cryptorchidism	200%	1970 - 1993	USA	[39]
	Gastroschisis	300%	1978 - 2005	California	[40]
	Congenital hypothyroidism	138%	1987 - 2003	New York	[41]
	Reproductive Function		Time	Location	Ref.
	Reported difficulty conceiving and maintaining pregnancy
	All ages	60% more women	1982; 2002	USA	[42, 43]
	<25 years old	200% more women	1982; 2002	USA	[42, 43]
	Prematurity	2.9% shorter gestation	1992 - 2002	USA	[44]
	Pre-eclampsia	19-36%	1968-2002	Norway	[45]
	Gestational Diabetes	122%	1989-2004	USA	[46]
	Premature puberty:
	Age at onset of breast development	1 – 2 years younger	1940 - 1994	USA, Denmark	[47, 48]
	Age at onset of menstruation	2.5 – 4 months younger	1940 - 1994	USA	[47]
	Sperm count	~1% decline per year	1931 - 1994	Western countries	[49, 50]
	Serum testosterone	1% decline per year	1987 - 2004	Boston, USA	[51, 52]