Table 2. PERMANOVA analysis with 1000 permutations and the weighted unifrac distance.

In the pairwise mode, the p-value was adjusted using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. The significant comparisons at a p.value 0.05 are marked with asterisk. The permutest analysis was not significant (p.value = 0.149), thus the PERMANOVA result is reliable because the dispersion of the groups is homogeneous.

Pairwise	Model F	R2	FDR-adjusted P value
Adult vs Lactating	4.8059527	0.17928677	0.006*
Adult vs Pregnant	4.3205027	0.1641497	0.006*
Adult vs Young	0.5715419	0.02778313	1
Lactating vs Pregnant	0.6055095	0.05709386	1
Lactating vs Juvenile	2.6686511	0.2501395	0.024*
Pregnant vs Juvenile	2.4378676	0.23355992	0.042*
Single	Model F	R2	p.value
Stage	2.8305	0.22061	0.001*