Putative models of JDP2 to play the double-edge swords to control the transcription and epigenetic regulation. Possible positive and negative transcriptional regulations of JDP2 are presented in this model. JDP2 might form the complex with sMafK and/or Nrf2 and bind to the ARE element to increase the transcription of ARE related genes (Tanigawa et al., 2013) via recruitment of CBP/p300 coactivator-dependent Nrf2 acetylation (Kawai et al., 2011) or possibly histone acetylation. On the other hand, JDP2 might recruit the HDAC family (Jin et al., 2002; Darlyuk-Saadon et al., 2012; Maruyama et al., 2012) or INHAT activity (Jin et al., 2006) to repress the transcription of cell cycle related genes (Pan et al., 2010).