Skip to main content
. 2019 Jul 17;11(7):e5157. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5157

Table 2. TOAST Classification Studies Conducted in India.

n: number of patients; LAA: large artery atherosclerosis; SVO: small vessel disease; CE: cardioembolism; TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.

Location in India Authors Age Group LAA SVO CE Other Causes Undetermined Causes
Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, Gujarat, India (n = 209) Current study 2-96 years 33% 29% 13% 6% 18%
Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India (n = 392) [11] Kaul et al. 2002 2-97 years 41% 18% 10% 4% 27%
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India (n = 440) [12] Dash et al. 2014 18-45 years 4.7% 6.8% 14% 17.3% 57%