Table 2.
The Turkish Edema Characteristics in the Core Tool (N = 051)
| Total (N = 1051) | Female (n = 980) | Male (n = 71) | χ2 (df) or p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classification | ||||
| Primary | 152 (14.48) | 129 (13.18) | 23 (32.39) | 19.75 (1) |
| Secondary | 898 (85.52) | 850 (86.82) | 48 (67.61) | <0.001 |
| Secondary swelling | ||||
| Cancer | 717 (79.58) | 698 (81.92) | 19 (38.78) | 53.09 (1) |
| Noncancer | 184 (20.42) | 154 (18.08) | 30 (61.22) | <0.001 |
| Cancer-related secondary LE | ||||
| Treatment related | 715 (99.72) | 696 (99.71) | 19 (100.0) | 0.99a |
| Metastatic | 8 (1.12) | 7 (1.00) | 1 (5.26) | 0.19a |
| Noncancer-related secondary LE | ||||
| Venous | 92 (50.0) | 71 (46.10) | 21 (70.00) | 0.017 |
| Immobility | 48 (26.09) | 36 (23.38) | 12 (40.00) | 0.058 |
| Obesity | 84 (45.65) | 74 (48.05) | 10 (33.33) | 0.14 |
| Lymphatic filariasis | 5 (2.72) | 4 (2.6) | 1 (33.3) | 0.99a |
| Noncancer other | 57 (30.98) | 51 (33.12) | 6 (20.00) | 0.16 |
| Duration | ||||
| <6 Months | 273 (26.00) | 260 (26.56) | 13 (18.31) | |
| 6 Months to 1 year | 128 (12.19) | 122 (12.46) | 6 (8.45) | |
| 1–2 Years | 142 (13.52) | 133 (13.59) | 9 (12.68) | 6.64 (5) |
| 2–5 Years | 219 (20.86) | 201 (20.53) | 18 (25.35) | 0.25 |
| 5–10 Years | 146 (13.90) | 136 (13.89) | 10 (14.08) | |
| 10+ Years | 142 (13.52) | 127 (12.97) | 15 (21.13) | |
| History of cellulitis | ||||
| Yes | 232 (22.07) | 206 (21.02) | 26 (36.62) | 9.37 (1) |
| No | 819 (77.93) | 774 (78.98) | 45 (63.38) | 0.002 |
| Infection in last year | ||||
| Yes | 171 (73.71) | 149 (72.33) | 22 (84.62) | 1.80 (1) |
| No | 61 (26.29) | 57 (27.67) | 4 (15.38) | 0.18 |
| Lower limb swelling | ||||
| Yes | 426 (40.57) | 367 (37.49) | 59 (83.10) | 57.12 (1) |
| No | 624 (59.43) | 612 (62.51) | 12 (16.90) | <0.001 |
| Upper limb swelling | ||||
| Yes | 628 (59.81) | 615 (62.82) | 13 (18.31) | 54.56 (1) |
| No | 422 (40.19) | 364 (37.18) | 58 (81.69) | <0.001 |
a
Fisher's exact test.
LE, lymphedema.