Table 3.
Association between modifiable risk factor and colorectal cancer risk, stratified by anatomical location
| No. of controls (%) | Colorectal cancer |
Colon cancer |
Rectal cancer |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | OR (95% CI)a) | No. (%) | OR (95% CI)a) | No. (%) | OR (95% CI)a) | ||
| Prior BMI (kg/m2)b) | |||||||
| < 25 | 827 (63.9) | 322 (51.0) | 1.0 (reference) | 146 (45.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 166 (54.6) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ≥ 25 | 468 (36.1) | 310 (49.1) | 1.76 (1.43-2.18) | 172 (54.1) | 2.20 (1.69-2.87) | 138 (45.4) | 1.47 (1.12-1.93) |
| Physical activity | |||||||
| Yes | 771 (59.8) | 207 (32.8) | 1.0 (reference) | 117 (36.8) | 1.0 (reference) | 88 (29.0) | 1.0 (reference) |
| No | 518 (40.2) | 425 (67.3) | 2.71 (2.19-3.36) | 201 (63.2) | 2.26 (1.73-2.95) | 216 (71.1) | 3.25 (2.45-4.31) |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Never | 565 (43.6) | 286 (45.3) | 1.0 (reference) | 155 (48.7) | 1.0 (reference) | 125 (41.1) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Ever | 730 (56.4) | 346 (54.8) | 0.74 (0.55-0.98) | 163 (51.3) | 0.70 (0.49-0.99) | 179 (58.9) | 0.79 (0.55-1.14) |
| Alcohol (g/day) | |||||||
| ≤ 30 | 1,154 (89.1) | 501 (79.3) | 1.0 (reference) | 258 (81.1) | 1.0 (reference) | 234 (77.0) | 1.0 (reference) |
| > 30 | 141 (10.9) | 131 (20.7) | 1.88 (1.40-2.53) | 60 (18.9) | 1.76 (1.22-2.55) | 70 (23.0) | 2.02 (1.41-2.89) |
| DII | |||||||
| Low | 647 (50.0) | 242 (38.3) | 1.0 (reference) | 125 (39.3) | 1.0 (reference) | 114 (37.5) | 1.0 (reference) |
| High | 648 (50.0) | 390 (61.7) | 1.38 (1.12-1.71) | 193 (60.7) | 1.39 (1.06-1.81) | 190 (62.5) | 1.37 (1.04-1.80) |
| Lifestyle risk scorec) | |||||||
| 0 or 1 | 458 (35.5) | 121 (19.2) | 1.0 (reference) | 60 (18.9) | 1.0 (reference) | 57 (18.9) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2 or 3 | 727 (56.4) | 376 (59.5) | 2.24 (1.72-2.91) | 195 (61.3) | 2.51 (1.79-2.53) | 176 (57.9) | 2.08 (1.47-2.94) |
| 4 or 5 | 104 (8.1) | 135 (21.4) | 5.82 (4.02-8.44) | 63 (19.8) | 6.23 (3.89-9.96) | 71 (23.4) | 5.72 (3.60-9.08) |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; DII, dietary inflammatory index.
a)
Adjusted for age, sex, family history of colorectal cancer, and education. Additionally adjusted for prior BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and DII, if applicable,
b)
BMI from 2 years ago,
c)
Scored by summing the prior BMI (2 years ago), physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and DII.