Figure 3.

Adjusted effects of distance to the closest facility offering CEmOC (A), EmNC (B), high-quality routine care (C), and satisfactory provider competence (D) on health service use and mortality

We present ORs and 95% CIs from multilevel multivariable regression models adjusted for age, parity, religion, ethnicity, wealth, education, occupation, multiple birth, and birth year, using surveillance data from 2003 (from 2000 for maternal mortality) to 2009 (to 2008 for maternal mortality, antepartum stillbirth, and intrapartum stillbirth). Each panel shows the effects of distance to a facility offering high-quality care in a certain dimension on two health service use and seven mortality outcomes. CEmOC=comprehensive emergency obstetric care. EmNC=emergency newborn care. OR=odds ratio. *ORs are per one unit increase in log distance (in km).