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. 2019 Jul 18;9:10404. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46728-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Setup and results for the closed-set speech task. (a) The audio-visual immersion lab where the two speech tasks were conducted. Photo courtesy of Torben Nielsen and DTU Elektro. (b) Schematic illustration of the spatial conditions used in the two speech tasks. (c) Results from the closed-set speech task. Small symbols represent individual results and large symbols represent the group means. Error bars represent ±1 standard error of the mean across participants. The left panel shows the target-to-masker ratio (TMR), which equals the difference in level between the target and one of the two maskers at 50% intelligibility. The right panel shows the spatial release of masking (SRM), which is the difference in threshold TMR between the colocated and spatially separated conditions.