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. 2019 Jul 18;9:10397. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46465-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Possible dual role of actin cytoskeleton in plant response to pathogens. (a) The widely-published scenario in which depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton by treatment with latrunculin B or cytochalasin E leads to increased plant vulnerability to pathogens. Studies showing this phenomenon co-inoculated plants with a drug and pathogen. (b) The new alternative scenario for the role of the actin cytoskeleton proposed in this manuscript. Plants pretreated with latrunculin B or cytochalasin E before inoculation with a pathogen have time to activate the salicylic acid signalling pathway, resulting in increased resistance to the subsequently inoculated pathogens. latB = latrunculin B; cytE = cytochalasin E; SA = salicylic acid; ICS1 = isochorismate synthase 1; = fungi; = bacteria.

Inline graphic — Possible dual role of actin cytoskeleton in plant response to pathogens. (a) The widely-published scenario in which depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton by treatment with latrunculin B or cytochalasin E leads to increased plant vulnerability to pathogens. Studies showing this phenomenon co-inoculated plants with a drug and pathogen. (b) The new alternative scenario for the role of the actin cytoskeleton proposed in this manuscript. Plants pretreated with latrunculin B or cytochalasin E before inoculation with a pathogen have time to activate the salicylic acid signalling pathway, resulting in increased resistance to the subsequently inoculated pathogens. latB = latrunculin B; cytE = cytochalasin E; SA = salicylic acid; ICS1 = isochorismate synthase 1; = fungi; = bacteria.