Table 2.
Diagnosis and Outcome of Leukemia Patients With or Without Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Who had Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) Infection Alone or Following a Respiratory Viral Infection (RVI)
| Diagnosis and Outcome | IPA Group (n = 142) | Post-RVI IPA Group (n = 54) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aspergillus species identified | |||
| A. fumigatus | 64 (45) | 24 (44) | .74 |
| A. terreus | 20 (14) | 9 (17) | .73 |
| A. flavus | 25 (18) | 9 (17) | .78 |
| A. niger | 26 (18) | 6 (11) | .18 |
| A. versicolor | 4 (3) | 5 (9) | .12 |
| Unspecified non-fumigatus species | 11 (8) | 2 (4) | .52 |
| Diagnostic specimen used for IPA diagnosis | |||
| Culture BAL/bronchial wash | 103 (73) | 48 (89) | .01 |
| Fine needle aspirate or tissue biopsy | 12 (8) | 1 (2) | .12 |
| Pathological finding of BAL/bronchial wash cytologic analysisa | |||
| Visible hyphae | 41 (29) | 4 (7) | .001 |
| Positive result of CT imaging | |||
| Halo sign | 9 (6) | 3 (6) | > .99 |
| Cavitation | 15 (11) | 5 (9) | .79 |
| Nodule(s) | 76 (54) | 29 (54) | .98 |
| Diffuse ground glass | 49 (35) | 15 (28) | .37 |
| Ground-glass opacities | 75 (53) | 30 (56) | .73 |
| Pleural effusions | 43 (30) | 12 (22) | .26 |
| Atelectasis | 16 (11) | 5 (9) | .68 |
| Duration of hospital stay, d, median (IQR) | 18 (9–36) | 12 (7–29) | .23 |
| Lowest saturated O2 level during illness, mm Hg, median (range) | 95 (80–99) | 95 (50–99) | .84 |
| Hospital admission at or after IPA diagnosis | 11 (20) | 14 (10) | .05 |
| ICU admission for infection episode | 37 (26) | 13 (24) | .78 |
| O2 supplementation during infectious episode | 63 (44) | 29 (54) | .24 |
| SOFA score at ICU admission, median (range) | 12 (7–20) | 13 (8–18) | .87 |
Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CT, computed tomography; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.
aBy Gomori methenamine silver staining.