Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of people living with HIV serving as index cases before and after the introduction of assisted partner testing in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan
| Variable | Total (N = 7093) | Kazakhstan (N = 2581) | Kyrgyz Republic (N = 2372) | Tajikistan (N = 2140) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre‐APN (n = 4418, 62.3) | APN (n = 2675, 37.7%) | p‐value | Pre‐APN (n = 1491) | APN (n = 1090) | p‐value | Pre‐APN (n = 1416) | APN (n = 956) | p‐value | Pre‐APN (n = 1511) | APN (n = 629) | p‐value | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
| Female | 1850 (41.9) | 1006 (37.6) | <0.001 | 568 (38.1) | 406 (37.3) | 0.661 | 622 (43.9) | 367 (38.4) | 0.007 | 660 (43.7) | 233 (37.0) | 0.005 |
| Age (median, interquartile range) | 38 (33 to 45) | 37 (32 to 44) | 0.001 | 38 (33 to 43) | 37 (32 to 43) | 0.002 | 39 (33 to 45) | 39 (32.5 to 45) | 0.764 | 39 (32 to 45) | 36 (30 to 44) | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Currently married | 1668 (38.7) | 798 (30.0) | <0.001 | 262 (18.6) | 157 (14.5) | 0.035 | 515 (37.1) | 267 (28.2) | <0.001 | 891 (59.0) | 374 (59.6) | 0.010 |
| Cohabitating | 652 (15.1) | 468 (17.6) | 417 (29.6) | 325 (30.0) | 189 (13.6) | 115 (12.1) | 46 (3.0) | 28 (4.5) | ||||
| Unmarried/not cohabitating | 1178 (27.3) | 857 (32.2) | 542 (38.4) | 468 (43.2) | 358 (25.8) | 260 (27.5) | 278 (18.4) | 129 (20.5) | ||||
| Divorced | 539 (12.5) | 425 (16.0) | 147 (10.4) | 101 (9.3) | 255 (18.4) | 265 (28.0) | 137 (9.1) | 59 (9.4) | ||||
| Widow | 273 (6.3) | 110 (4.1) | 43 (3.1) | 32 (3.0) | 71 (5.1) | 40 (4.2) | 159 (10.5) | 38 (6.1) | ||||
| Project entry | ||||||||||||
| Newly found | 395 (9.0) | 560 (20.9) | <0.001 | 70 (4.7) | 108 (9.9) | <0.001 | 157 (11.2) | 224 (23.4) | <0.001 | 168 (11.1) | 228 (36.3) | <0.001 |
| Lost‐to‐follow‐up | 849 (19.3) | 361 (13.5) | 292 (19.6) | 136 (12.5) | 253 (18.0) | 118 (12.3) | 304 (20.1) | 107 (17.0) | ||||
| Pre‐ART care | 3165 (71.8) | 1754 (65.6) | 1129 (75.7) | 846 (77.6) | 997 (70.9) | 614 (64.2) | 1039 (68.8) | 294 (46.7) | ||||
| Population | ||||||||||||
| People who inject drugs | 1598 (36.2) | 845 (31.6) | <0.001 | 712 (47.8) | 485 (44.5) | 0.398 | 392 (27.7) | 216 (22.6) | <0.001 | 503 (33.3) | 144 (22.9) | <0.001 |
| Men who have sex with men | 46 (1.0) | 76 (2.8) | 34 (2.3) | 26 (2.4) | 11 (0.8) | 32 (3.4) | 1 (0.1) | 18 (2.9) | ||||
| Sex workers | 31 (0.7) | 6 (0.2) | 4 (0.3) | 2 (0.2) | 5 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 22 (1.5) | 1 (0.2) | ||||
| Other | 2734 (62.0) | 1748 (65.4) | 741 (49.7) | 577 (52.9) | 1008 (71.2) | 705 (73.7) | 985 (65.2) | 466 (74.1) | ||||
| Employment status | ||||||||||||
| Regular job | 596 (13.8) | 375 (14.1) | <0.001 | 321 (22.6) | 224 (20.7) | 0.007 | 161 (11.6) | 121 (12.7) | 0.003 | 114 (7.5) | 30 (4.8) | <0.001 |
| Temporary job | 993 (23.0) | 746 (28.0) | 337 (23.8) | 317 (29.2) | 376 (27.1) | 275 (28.9) | 280 (18.5) | 154 (24.6) | ||||
| Unemployed | 2529 (58.6) | 1430 (53.7) | 693 (48.8) | 511 (47.1) | 786 (56.6) | 481 (50.5) | 1050 (69.5) | 438 (69.9) | ||||
| Student | 19 (0.4) | 19 (0.7) | 8 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 8 (0.6) | 13 (1.4) | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | ||||
| Other | 181 (4.2) | 94 (3.5) | 60 (4.2) | 27 (2.5) | 57 (4.1) | 63 (6.6) | 64 (4.2) | 4 (0.6) | ||||
| Used coupon‐based recruitmenta | 1155 (26.1) | 693 (25.9) | 0.820 | 673 (45.1) | 413 (37.9) | <0.001 | 223 (15.8) | 178 (18.6) | 0.067 | 259 (17.1) | 102 (16.2) | 0.603 |
| Has not disclosed status to anyone | 1111 (25.7) | 989 (37.1) | <0.001 | 229 (16.2) | 260 (24.0) | <0.001 | 528 (37.9) | 540 (56.7) | <0.001 | 354 (23.4) | 189 (30.1) | 0.001 |
| ART status | ||||||||||||
| Never on ART | 1133 (25.7) | 826 (30.9) | <0.001 | 621 (41.7) | 327 (30.0) | <0.001 | 370 (26.1) | 348 (36.4) | <0.001 | 142 (9.4) | 151 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| Newly started | 1087 (24.6) | 1165 (43.6) | 368 (24.7) | 513 (47.1) | 387 (27.3) | 364 (38.1) | 332 (22.0) | 288 (45.8) | ||||
| Reinitiated | 1792 (40.6) | 489 (18.3) | 415 (27.8) | 156 (14.3) | 534 (37.7) | 210 (22.0) | 843 (55.8) | 123 (19.6) | ||||
| Already on ART | 24 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Previously on ART | 382 (8.7) | 195 (7.3) | 85 (5.7) | 94 (8.6) | 103 (7.3) | 34 (3.6) | 194 (12.8) | 67 (10.7) | ||||
| MAT participantb | 135 (13.4) | 20 (5.8) | <0.001 | – | – | – | 63 (17.4) | 17 (8.2) | 0.002 | 69 (13.7) | 3 (2.2) | <0.001 |
APN, assisted partner notification; ART, antiretroviral therapy; MAT, medication‐assisted therapy.
aCoupon‐based recruitment was a passive partner recruitment approach based on respondent driven sampling. Index cases choosing this option were provided with coupons containing HIV testing information to distribute to their sexual and injecting partners. This is relative to all other passive approaches (during the pre‐APN period) or all other passive and active approaches (during the APN period); bMAT data were only available for 1,354 index cases (1,007 during the pre‐APN period and 347 during the APN period).