Fig. 2.

Altered brain structure and function in young survivors of pediatric cancer. a Reduced hippocampal volume in n = 27 ALL survivors (ages 15–22 years; in remission for 6–18 years) treated with chemotherapy-only, relative to n = 27 matched controls (Genschaft et al. 2013). b Regional increases (warm colors) and decrease (cool colors) in white matter clustered connectivity, as measured using graph theoretical analysis of DTI data in n = 31 young ALL survivors (ages 5–19 years, 6–111 months off treatment) relative to n = 39 matched controls. Of note, increased nodal clustering was noted in the ALL group in hippocampus and insula, a core SEN region, and decreased clustering in amygdala, considered a part of the SEN (Kesler et al. 2016). Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; SEN, salience and emotion network; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging. Image for panel B provided courtesy of Dr. Shelli Kesler. All images are adapted with permission