Table 1.
Overview of main ecosystem services (ES) provided by grasslands according to their functional diversity, length of pasture phase in the crop rotation and contribution to landscape mosaic: NE, no effect; from light + to high +++ effect (adapted from Duru et al., 2018)
| Functional diversity of grasslands | Grasslands in crop rotations | Grasslands within landscape mosaic | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Production | |||
| Forage production, flexibility in management | +++ | + | NE |
| Input ES | |||
| Biological regulations | + | ++ | +++ |
| Soil fertility (nutrients, structure regulations) | ++ | +++ | NE |
| Soil stability (erosion control) | NE | +++ | +++ |
| Pollination | +++ | NE | +++ |
| Other ES | |||
| Water quality regulation | + | ++ | +++ |
| C sequestration | + | +→ ++ | NE |
| Moderation of extreme events: flood, running fires | NE | + | ++ |
| Opportunities for recreation | ++ | + | +++ |
Carbon sequestration provided by grasslands in crop rotations strongly varies according to the length of the pasture phase (+ → ++). Input ES are defined as the services provided by ecosystems to farmers, whereas other ES are the services provided by ecosystems to society.