Table 3.
Characteristics of included studies in a systematic review of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis biomarkers and GDM.
| References | Country | Study type* | GDM/Control | Ethnicity | Population | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Definition of GDM | GA (weeks) at blood sampling | Specimen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ramirez et al. (20) | USA | PC | 30/42 | Hispanic (92%) | Obese | GDM 30.9 ± 4.7 NGT 28.1 ± 5.4 |
GDM 34.1 ± 4.5 NGT 34.4 ± 4.7 |
ADA 100 g OGTT |
24–28 | Serum |
| Matuszek et al. (19) | Poland | CC | 46/21 | Caucasian | General | GDM 29 (28-32) NGT 29 (26-33) |
GDM 23.2 NGT 21.6 |
PDA 75 g OGTT |
24–28 | Serum |
| Zhu et al. (27) | USA | NCC | 107/214 | Multi-ethnic | General | GDM 30.5 ± 5.7 NGT 30.4 ± 5.4 |
GDM 28.2 ± 6.4 NGT25.6 ± 5.3 |
ACOG 100 g OGTT |
10–14, 15–26, 32–39 |
Plasma |
| Lappas (25) | Australia | CC | 44/30 | Caucasian | Non-obese | GDM 34.8 ± 5.3 NGT 33.3 ± 4.4 |
GDM 25.0 ± 3.3 NGT 24.3 ± 3.8 |
ADPS | At delivery | Plasma |
| Australia | CC | 26/36 | Caucasian | Obese | GDM 33.8 ± 4.6 NGT 32.3 ± 4.2 |
GDM 36.9 ± 6.6 NGT 37.8 ± 6.0 |
75 g OGTT | |||
| Luo et al. (22) | Canada | PC | 27/280 | Caucasian | General | GDM 31 ± 4.7 NGT 30.8 ± 4.7 |
GDM 25.3 ± 5.9 NGT 23.4 ± 4.6 |
ADA 75 g OGTT |
24–28; 32–35 |
Plasma |
| Grissa et al. (21) | Tunisia | CC | 30/30 | Tunisian | General | 19–42 | GDM 24.9 ± 2.9 NGT 23.2 ± 2.3 |
FBG≥5.5 | At delivery | Serum |
| Hayati et al. (24) | Malaysia | CC | 25/50 | Asian | General | NA | NA | WHO 75 g OGTT |
28, 36 | Serum |
| O'Leary and Longley (26) | Australia | NCC | 34/200 | Caucasian | General | NA | NA | ADA 75 g OGTT |
28–35 | Serum |
| Qian et al. (23) | China | CC | 20/38 | Asian | General | 22–34 | NA | 75 g OGTT | At delivery | Serum |
| Qiu et al. (28) | USA | PC | 47/757 | White | General | ≥35: 27.9% | ≥30: 8.7% | ADA 100 g OGTT |
13 | Plasma |
| Hughes et al. (29) | Britain | PC | 20/29 | NA | General | GDM 30 (19-42) NGT 26 (20-38) |
NA | WHO 75 g OGTT |
31–40 | Serum |
| Liao et al. (30) | New Zealand | NCC | 28/28 | Caucasian | General | GDM 31.4 ± 4.8 NGT 31.3 ± 4.2 |
GDM 27.2 ± 4.8 NGT 26.2 ± 4.2 |
IADPSG 75 g OGTT | 20 | Serum |
*
Study type: PC, prospective cohort study; NCC, nested case–control study; CC, case–control study. GA, gestational age; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; FBG, fasting blood glucose; ADA, American Diabetes Association; ACOG, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; ADPS, Australia Diabetes in Pregnancy Society; IADPSG, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; PDA, Polish Diabetes Association; WHO, World Health Organization; NA, not available.