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. 2019 Jul 12;10:889. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00889

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Copyright © 2019 Oláh, Mátyás, Kellermayer, Ruppert, Barta, Sayour, Török, Koncsos, Giricz, Ferdinandy, Merkely and Radovits.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Baseline pressure-volume relations. (A) Original recordings of steady-state pressure-volume (P-V) loops obtained from one representative rat from male control (MCo), male exercised (MEx), female control (FCo), and female exercised (FEx) groups. As shown by the recordings, the wider P-V loop indicates increased stroke volume along with unaltered end-diastolic volume and pressure relations, decreased end-systolic volume in exercised rats of both genders compared with untrained controls. (B) Exercise-induced hypertrophy was associated with increased stroke volume and stroke work in both genders. Values are means ± SEM. ^∗p < 0.05 vs. MCo, ^#p < 0.05 vs. FCo, p_i: interaction p-value of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).