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. 2019 Jul 12;10:889. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00889

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Copyright © 2019 Oláh, Mátyás, Kellermayer, Ruppert, Barta, Sayour, Török, Koncsos, Giricz, Ferdinandy, Merkely and Radovits.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Western blot. Protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation was increased in male and female trained animals in comparison with control counterparts. This alteration was more pronounced in exercised female exercised rats compared to male ones. We have not found any differences regarding the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 (p42/44 MAPK) phosphorylation was decreased in female animals, and remained unaltered in male rats after the training program. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) showed exercise-induced alteration only in female animals, while phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein was increased only in male exercised animals. MCo, male control group; MEx, male exercised group; FCo, female control group; FEx, female exercised group. Values are means ± SEM. ^∗p < 0.05 vs. MCo, ^#p < 0.05 vs. FCo, p_i: interaction p-value of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).