Table 1.
Left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic data LV echocardiographic data of male control (MCo), male exercised (MEx), female control (FCo), and female exercised (FEx) rats.
| MCo | MEx | FCo | FEx | pi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BW, g | 468 ± 10 | 402 ± 11ˆ* | 291 ± 8 | 281 ± 7 | 0.004 |
| HR, 1/min | 355 ± 14 | 347 ± 11 | 362 ± 9 | 342 ± 8 | 0.580 |
| LVAWTd, mm | 2.15 ± 0.02 | 2.37 ± 0.03ˆ* | 2.03 ± 0.04 | 2.37 ± 0.04ˆ# | 0.085 |
| LVAWTs, mm | 3.13 ± 0.08 | 3.52 ± 0.06ˆ* | 3.09 ± 0.06 | 3.58 ± 0.10ˆ# | 0.536 |
| LVPWTd, mm | 1.96 ± 0.03 | 2.10 ± 0.02ˆ* | 1.73 ± 0.02 | 1.96 ± 0.04ˆ# | 0.145 |
| LVPWTs, mm | 2.97 ± 0.06 | 3.16 ± 0.07ˆ* | 2.77 ± 0.04 | 3.10 ± 0.04ˆ# | 0.198 |
| LVEDD, mm | 6.57 ± 0.08 | 6.63 ± 0.06 | 5.59 ± 0.12 | 5.72 ± 0.09 | 0.700 |
| LVESD, mm | 3.91 ± 0.10 | 3.26 ± 0.11ˆ* | 3.12 ± 0.09 | 2.71 ± 0.09ˆ# | 0.227 |
| FS, % | 40.6 ± 1.2 | 50.9 ± 1.3ˆ* | 44.2 ± 0.8 | 52.6 ± 1.3ˆ# | 0.430 |
| LVEDV, μl | 221.8 ± 5.8 | 226.3 ± 4.9 | 153.6 ± 7.5 | 161.7 ± 6.0 | 0.771 |
| LVESV, μl | 66.8 ± 3.8 | 43.6 ± 3.3ˆ* | 39.0 ± 2.8 | 27.8 ± 2.0ˆ# | 0.054 |
| SV, μl | 155.0 ± 4.6 | 182.8 ± 3.0ˆ* | 114.6 ± 5.4 | 133.9 ± 5.2ˆ# | 0.375 |
| EF, % | 70.0 ± 1.4 | 80.9 ± 1.2ˆ* | 74.7 ± 0.9 | 82.8 ± 1.1ˆ# | 0.242 |
Values are means ± SEM. BW, body weight; HR, heart rate; LVAWTd and LVAWTs, left ventricular (LV) anterior wall thickness at diastole and systole, respectively; LVPWTd and LVPWTs, LV posterior wall thickness at diastole and systole, respectively; LVEDD, LV end-diastolic dimension; LVESD LV end-systolic dimension; FS, fractional shortening; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume; LVESV, LV end-systolic volume; SV, stroke volume; EF, ejection fraction. ∗p < 0.05 vs. MCo, #p < 0.05 vs. FCo. pi: interaction value (factors: gender and exercise) of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).