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. 2019 Jul 12;10:896. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00896

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Copyright © 2019 Donnaloja, Jacchetti, Soncini and Raimondi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanical connections of the NPC. On the left are the NPC and its environment. Integrins are represented in light blue. They span the outer cell membrane and transmit the external stimuli to the interior of the cell. Integrins are mainly connected to actin filaments (red), which in turn are connected to the LINC complex (the green and the yellow segment represents Nesprin and SUN proteins, respectively). The LINC complex can link the lamina (light purple) or the NPC via Nup153 connection (gray). In addition, the nucleoporin Nup153 may be connected to both the lamina and the chromatin (dark purple), as schematically reported in the image on the right side. The reported scheme represents a possible pathway of external forces transmitted from the environment to the NPC basket (Nup153).