Table 1.
Characteristics of 915 PWID with chronic HCV infection, stratified by recent injection drug use and DAA-uptake, Vancouver, Canada (April 2015 – November 2017)
| Characteristic, n (%) | Total (N = 915) | Recent PWID (n = 611) |
Non-recent PWID (n = 304) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DAA-uptake=Yes (n = 78) | DAA-uptake=No (n = 533) | DAA-uptake=Yes (n = 68) | DAA-uptake=No (n = 236) | ||
| Individual-level factors | |||||
| Age (median, IQR) | 49 (39–56) | 50 (45–57) | 46 (35–53) | 55 (48–59) | 53 (46–59) |
| Male sex | 560 (61.2) | 54 (69.2) | 315 (59.1) | 50 (73.5) | 141(59.7) |
| White race | 493 (53.9) | 50 (64.1) | 271 (50.8) | 45 (66.2) | 127 (53.8) |
| HIV-positive | 369 (40.3) | 50 (64.1) | 191 (35.8) | 39 (57.4) | 89 (37.7) |
| Substance use-related factors* | |||||
| ≥ Daily heroin injection | 223 (24.4) | 19 (24.4) | 204 (38.3) | NA | NA |
| ≥ Daily cocaine injection | 47 (5.1) | 5 (6.4) | 42 (7.9) | NA | NA |
| ≥ Daily crack use | 94 (10.3) | 7 (9.0) | 59 (11.1) | 1 (1.5) | 27 (11.4) |
| ≥ Daily opioid analgesic use | 21 (2.3) | 3 (3.8) | 18 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Syringe sharing | 21 (2.3) | 3 (3.8) | 38 (3.4) | NA | NA |
| High-risk drinking | 137 (15.0) | 7 (9.0) | 79 (14.8) | 5 (7.4) | 46 (19.5) |
| Health care-related factors* | |||||
| In addiction care | |||||
| OAT | 489 (53.4) | 53 (67.9) | 292 (31.9) | 30 (44.1) | 114 (48.3) |
| Other modalities (e.g., detox, psychosocial, residential treatment) | 101 (11.0) | 7 (9.0) | 52 (9.8) | 30 (44.1) | 114 (48.3) |
| None | 320 (35.0) | 17 (21.8) | 188 (20.5) | 29 (42.6) | 86 (36.4) |
| In HCV-related care | 404 (44.2) | 44 (56.4) | 202 (37.9) | 50 (73.5) | 108 (45.8) |
| Ever received IFN-based therapy for HCV infection | 60 (6.6) | 3 (3.8) | 38 (7.1) | 5 (7.4) | 14 (5.9) |
| Other structural-level | |||||
| Homelessness | 145 (15.8) | 7 (9.0) | 111 (20.8) | 5 (7.4) | 22 (9.3) |
| Residency in the Downtown | 573 (62.6) | 49 (62.8) | 388 (72.8) | 27 (39.7) | 109 (46.2) |
| Employment | 203 (22.2) | 19 (24.4) | 98 (18.4) | 23 (33.8) | 63 (26.7) |
| Prohibited income generation | 386 (42.2) | 32 (41.0) | 301 (56.5) | 7 (10.3) | 46 (19.5) |
| Incarceration | 49 (5.4) | 2 (2.6) | 45 (8.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) |
DAA, direct-acting antiviral; OAT, opioid agonist therapy. NA, not applicable
*
Refers to the 6-month period prior to the interview
†
Wilcoxon rank sum test
‡
Fisher’s exact test