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The three major hypotheses of IFN3 origins within the class II α-helical cytokine family. (A) Antiviral interferons form a clade, but IFN3 diverged from IFN1 in the tetrapod ancestor, in line with IFN3s only being found in tetrapods. (B) IFN3 is either within or closely related to the IL-10 family based on their shared structural characteristics. (C) Antiviral interferons form a clade but all three interferon classes existed in the jawed vertebrate ancestor.
