. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 19.

Published in final edited form as: J Clin Cell Immunol. 2019 Jan 31;10(1):574. doi: 10.4172/2155-9899.1000574

Table 3:

Examples of formats of immunotherapeutic autoimmune vaccines and animal or human trials.

Format	Description	Animal or Human Disease^*
LEAPS	Heteroconjugates peptides of T cell antigenic peptide and immune cell binding ligand	Murine: RA (PGIA/GIA, CIA), EAM, Influenza A, HSV, HER2/ NEU(44–46,48,49,52–58)
Co-administration of antigen and modulator	Apoptotic cells exposing tolerizing structures	Murine: RA (40)
Nanoparticle	Poly lactic-coglycolic acid	Murine: EAE (42)
Adoptive transfer T cells	Autologous regulatory T cells induced and expanded ex vivo	Murine: MS, RA, T1D, SLE(92)
Adoptive transfer DCs	Autologous suppressive or tolerogenic DCs activated and loaded with antigen, ex vivo	Human phase I: T1D, RA, Crohn’s disease (90)

Note:

RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis; CIA: Collagen Induced Arthritis; PGIA/GIA: Cartilage Proteoglycan (PG)-Induced Arthritis (PGIA) and PG Gl-Domain-Induced Arthritis (GIA); EAM: Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis; EAE: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis; T1D: Type 1 Diabetes; SLE: Systemic Lupus erythematosus;