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. 2019 Jul 12;10:1604. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01604

Table 1.

Proteins assessed for regulation by acetylation.

Organism Target Target lysine(s) Acetylation Deacetylation Acetylation Cite
protein mechanism mechanism effect
Actinosynnema mirum Acs 620 AmiPatA and 23 homologs Not determined Inhibits activity Lu et al., 2017
Bacillus subtilis Acs 549 AcuA AcuC, SrtN Abolishes activity Gardner et al., 2006; Gardner and Escalante-Semerena, 2008, 2009
Eno 339, 390 In vitro AcP Not determined Abolishes activity Nakayasu et al., 2017
HBsu 3, 18, 41, 80 YfmK Not determined Decreases DNA binding Carabetta et al., 2019
TufA 42 Not AcuA, not AcP AcuC, SrtN No effect Suzuki et al., 2019
MreB 240 Not determined Not determined Reduces cell length, width, and peptidoglycan thickness Carabetta et al., 2016
CshA 244, 296 Unknown Not determined Enhances induction of SigX and SigM-dependent genes Ogura and Asai, 2016; Ogura and Kanesaki, 2018
Borrelia burgdorferi GapA Not determined AcP Not determined Inhibits activity Bontemps-Gallo et al., 2018
LDH Not determined AcP Not determined Mixed results Bontemps-Gallo et al., 2018
Corynebacterium glutamicum PEPC 653 Not determined NCgl0616 Inhibits activity Nagano-Shoji et al., 2017
Escherichia coli ArgRS 126, 408 AcP CobB Impairs tRNA charging Ye et al., 2017
CRP 100 AcP Not determined Reduces interaction with RNAP, enhances protein stability Davis et al., 2018
LeuRS 619, 624, 809 AcP CobB Impairs tRNA charging Ye et al., 2017
Mdh 99, 140 AcP CobB for 140, none for 99 Cooperatively increases activity Fan et al., 2015; Venkat et al., 2017b
RpoA 291 AcP Not determined Reduces cpxP transcription Lima et al., 2012
TyrRS 85, 235, 238 AcP CobB Impairs tRNA charging Venkat et al., 2017a
RcsB 154 AcP CobB Enhances migration, impairs acid survival Hu et al., 2013; Castaño-Cerezo et al., 2014
TopA 13, 45, 346, 488 AcP CobB Reduces relaxation activity by inhibiting DNA binding and cleavage activity Zhou et al., 2017, 2018
DnaA 178 AcP, YfiQ CobB Inhibits ATP binding Zhang et al., 2016
DnaA 243 AcP, YfiQ CobB Inhibits oriC binding at low affinity sites Li S. et al., 2017
CheY 92, 109 Acs, AcCoA Acs, Pta, CobB Inhibits interaction with CheA, FliM, and CheZ
Activates CheY, promotes clockwise rotation		 Barak and Eisenbach, 2001; Barak et al., 2006; Li R. et al., 2010; Liarzi et al., 2010
YfiQ 146, 149, 391, 446, 635, 819 AcCoA CobB Favors formation of octamers de Diego Puente et al., 2015
Eno 342, 393 In vitro AcP Not determined Abolishes activity Nakayasu et al., 2017
AceA 308 Not determined CobB Inhibits activity Castaño-Cerezo et al., 2014
AlaRS 73 Not determined CobB Inhibits activity Umehara et al., 2018
Mat 12 lysines Not determined CobB (9 lysines susceptible) Inhibits activity, may affect dimerization Sun et al., 2016a
NhoA 214, 281 Not determined CobB Inhibits activity Zhang et al., 2013
RcsB 180 SePat, EcYfiQ SeCobB, EcCobB Inhibits DNA binding Thao et al., 2010
Acs 609 YfiQ CobB Inhibits activity by preventing first half reaction Zhao et al., 2004; Castaño-Cerezo et al., 2011, 2014;
protein mechanism mechanism effect
RNase II 501 YfiQ CobB Inhibits RNase II activity due to reduced substrate binding Song et al., 2016
RNase R 544 YfiQ NONE – not CobB Destabilizes protein Liang et al., 2011; Liang and Deutscher, 2012
RpoA 298 YfiQ Not determined Enhances cpxP transcription Lima et al., 2011
Micromonospora aurantiaca Acs 619 MaKat Not determined Inhibits activity Xu et al., 2014
Mycobacterium bovis BCG Acs 616 KATbcg (BCG_1055) Not determined Abolishes activity Nambi et al., 2013
FadD13 487 KATbcg (BCG_1055) Not determined Inhibits activity Nambi et al., 2013
Mycobacterium smegmatis FadD33 511 MsPat MSMEG_5175 Abolishes activity Vergnolle et al., 2013
MbtA 546 MsPat Rv1151c Inhibits activity Vergnolle et al., 2016
PrpE 586 MsPat Not determined Abolishes activity Xu et al., 2018b
MSMEG_4207 (USP) 104 MtPatA, MsPatA Not determined Unknown Nambi et al., 2010
Ku 29, 40 Not determined Not determined Correlates with impaired NHEJ activity Zhou et al., 2015
HupB 86 Not determined Not determined Prevents small colony variant formation Sakatos et al., 2018
Acs 589 PatA SrtN Impairs growth on acetate Hayden et al., 2013
Mycobacterium tuberculosis DUSP16 (eukaryotic) 55 Eis Not determined Inhibits activation of JNK pathway Kim et al., 2012
Histone H3 (eukaryotic) Not determined Eis Not determined Enhances binding to the IL-10 promoter Duan et al., 2016
HupB 32 Eis Rv1151c Inhibits DNA binding Ghosh et al., 2016; Green et al., 2018
Acs 617 MsPat Rv1151c, MSMEG_5175 Abolishes activity Xu et al., 2011; Nambi et al., 2013; Noy et al., 2014
MbtA 542 MsPat Rv1151c Inhibits activity Vergnolle et al., 2016
DosR 182 MtPat Rv1151c Inhibits DNA binding Bi et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018
FadD2, FadD4, FadD5, FadD10, FadD12, FadD13, FadD22, FadD35 551, 525, 519, 519, 523, 487, 480, 529 MtPat MSMEG_5175 Impairs palmitoyl-AMP synthesis activity for FadD2, FadD5, and FadD15 Nambi et al., 2013
PtpB 224 MtPat Rv1151c Decreases reaction rate due to reduced Vmax Singhal et al., 2015
HspX 64, 78, 85 Not determined Not determined Reduced immunogenicity Liu et al., 2014
ICL1 (Rv0467) 322
331
392		 Not determined Not determined Inhibits activity (K322)
Enhances activity (K331)
Enhances activity (K392)		 Xie et al., 2015; Bi et al., 2017
Histone H3 (eukaryotic) 9, 14 Rv3423.1 Not determined Inhibits DNA binding by histone H3 Jose et al., 2016
Myxococcus xanthus Acs 622 MxKat Not determined Inhibits activity Liu et al., 2015
Neisseria gonorrhoeae PilT 117 AcP Not determined May contribute to membrane association, Hockenberry et al., 2018
protein mechanism mechanism effect
alters microcolony formation
Porphyromonas gingivalis RprY Not determined PgPat CobB Inhibits DNA binding Li Y. et al., 2018
pro-RgpB 247, 248 VimA, PG1842 Not determined Permits proper processing of pro-RgpB Mishra et al., 2018
Rhodobacter sphaeroides FnrL 175, 213, 223 AcP RsCobB Impairs transcriptional activation Wei et al., 2017
Rhodopseudomonas palustris FadD 546 RpPat Not determined Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2012
HcsA 524 RpPat LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2012
LcsA 499 RpPat LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2012
PimA 534 RpPat Not determined Inhibits activity Crosby and Escalante-Semerena, 2014
Acs 606 RpPat, KatA SrtN and LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2010, 2012
AliA 532 RpPat, KatA SrtN and LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2010, 2012
BadA 512 RpPat, KatA SrtN and LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2010, 2012
FcsA 496 RpPat, KatA LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2012
HbaA 503 RpPat, KatA SrtN and LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2010, 2012
IbuA 539 RpPat, KatA LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2012
PrpE 598 RpPat, KatA LdaA Inhibits activity Crosby et al., 2012
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pck1p 514 Esa1 Sir2 Enhances activity Lin et al., 2009
Saccharopolyspora erythraea AcsA2 611 AcP Not determined Inhibits activity by reducing affinity for acetate You et al., 2014
AcsA1, AcsA2, AcsA3 620, 628, 615 AcuA SrtN Inhibits activity You et al., 2014, 2017
GlnA1 179, 357 AcuA SrtN Enhances GlnA1 interaction with GlnR, which enhances DNA binding affinity You et al., 2016
GlnA4 319 AcuA SrtN Inhibits activity You et al., 2016
Salmonella enterica AceA 308 Pat CobB Inhibits activity Wang et al., 2010; Crosby et al., 2012
AceK 72, 83, 553 Pat CobB Enhances activation of ICDH Wang et al., 2010; Crosby et al., 2012
GapA 331 Pat CobB Enhances glycolytic activity, decreases gluconeogenesis activity Wang et al., 2010; Crosby et al., 2012
HilD 297 Pat Not CobB Enhances stability, inhibits DNA binding Sang et al., 2016, 2017
PhoP 201 Pat CobB Inhibits DNA binding Ren et al., 2016
PrpE 592 Pat CobB Abolishes activity Garrity et al., 2007
Lrp 36 Pat CobB Inhibits DNA binding Qin et al., 2016
Acs 609 Pat CobB Inhibits activity by preventing first half reaction Starai et al., 2002, 2005; Starai and Escalante-Semerena, 2004b
Charged aminoacyl tRNAs Amino terminus TacT N/A Inhibits translation Cheverton et al., 2016; VanDrisse et al., 2017
protein mechanism mechanism effect
TacA 44 TacT CobB Enhances TacT activity VanDrisse et al., 2017
Streptomyces coelicolor Acs 610 Not determined CobB1 Inhibits activity Mikulik et al., 2012
GlnR 142, 153, 159, 200 Not determined CobB2 Alters DNA binding Amin et al., 2016
Streptomyces griseus StrM 70 SGR1683, EcYfiQ Not determined Inhibits activity Ishigaki et al., 2017
Streptomyces lividans Aacs 617 SlPat SeCobB Inhibits activity Tucker and Escalante-Semerena, 2013
Acs 610 SlPatA, SlPatB SlSrtA Inhibits activity Tucker and Escalante-Semerena, 2013; VanDrisse and Escalante-Semerena, 2018
Streptomyces venezuelae Acs 665 SvePatA Not determined Inhibits activity Lu et al., 2017
Sulfolobus solfataricus Alba 16 Pat Sir2 Inhibits DNA binding Marsh et al., 2005
Thermus thermophilus IPMS 332 AcCoA TT_C0104 Inhibits activity Yoshida et al., 2019
Vibrio cholerae Acs 609 YfiQ CobB Inhibits activity Liimatta et al., 2018
Yersinia pestis PhoP Not determined YfiQ CobB Not determined Liu et al., 2018