Table 2.
Results of prospective cohorts on 100% fruit juice and dental health.
| References | Analysis cohort (age, N) | Dentition type | 100% FJ exposure | Erosion results | Caries results | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EROSION | ||||||
| Warren et al. (23) | 5 y, N = 355 |
Late deciduous | Not reported | No statistically significant relationships between tooth wear and juice consumption at any time point or with any cumulative measure (detail not provided) | n/a | No association of juice with tooth wear. |
| Dugmore and Rock (24) | 12 y, N = 1,753; 14 y, N = 1,149 | Permanent | Not reported | FJ was not a significant factor in the logistic regression for affecting prevalence of tooth erosion at 14 y (data not provided) Only cross-sectional data in 12 y-olds included in the publication; OR = 1.42 (95% CI, 1.08–1.85), P = 0.011 |
n/a | No association was found in the prospective assessment (14 y-olds) or FJ and erosion, but cross-sectional data for the baseline (12 y-old) indicating an association between FJ and erosion is included. Authors suggest the lack of association may result from a decrease in FJ consumption over the 2 y time period. |
| El Aidi et al. (25) | 13–15 y, N = 572 | Permanent | Mean (range) intake, 3.1 (0, 21.88) glasses/d 67.1% of children consumed >1 glass/wk, 10.5% of children consumed >7 glasses/wk |
Association of FJ with incidence of erosion: OR = 0.94, P = 0.140 Association of FJ with progression of erosion: OR = 0.97, P = 0.582 |
n/a | No association of fruit drink with incidence or progression of erosion. Acid drinks, which included fruit drinks and tooth grinding together were significant for erosion. |
| CARIES AND MINERALIZATION | ||||||
| Marshall et al. (26, 27) | 5 y, N = 634–642 | Deciduous | Median (25th, 75th percentiles): Total Events/d: 1.0 (0.5, 1.4) Exposure at: Meals: 0.4 (0.2, 0.8); Snacks: 0.4 (0.2, 0.8). |
n/a | 100% FJ median (25th, 75th percentiles) intake: Caries-free: 114 (56, 188) g/d; Caries present: 107 (62, 166) g/d Caries risk for low intake 100% FJ: OR (95% CI) = 0.57 (0.34, 0.97), (P <0.05) Caries risk for High vs. Low quartile for 100% FJ (OR, 95% CI) = 0.90 (0.44, 1.85) |
Overall, results suggest 100% FJ and soda pop are fundamentally different with respect to caries risk, with soda pop increasing caries risk more than 100% FJ.Timing of consumption has minimal impact on risk; no significant relationship with meal vs. snack intake overall. |
| Lim et al. (28) | 5–7 y, N = 369 | Deciduous | Baseline mean consumption/d (%total): 100% FJ: 588.6 mL (40%); Milk: 214.1 mL (22%); Soft drinks: 142.4 (10%) Results reported as High vs. Low consumers |
n/a | Compared to High-High milk-FJ group: Low-High soft drink group >75x and >2.67 risk of d2mfs and f, respectively High-High soft drink group similar risk of new f surfaces, but not new d2mfs |
Data for FJ confounded by inclusion with milk in the reported results. Authors concluded that those who increase their consumption of soft drinks compared to milk and 100% FJ are at higher risk of developing dental caries. |
| Chankanka et al. (29) | 5 y, 9 y, 13 y, N = 156 | Age 5, deciduous; Age 9, mixed; Age 13, permanent | Occasions/d (% N) Age 5: Low: <0.44 (25%); Medium: 0.44–1.33 (50.6%); High: >1.33 (24.4%) Age 9: Low: <0.11 (20.5%); Medium: 0.11–0.78 (58.3%); High: >0.78 (21.2%) Age 5: Low: <0.03 (22.4%); Medium: 0.03–0.57 (50%); High: >0.57 (27.6%) |
n/a | Non-cavitated caries (mean): Age 5, 24.15%; Age 9, 39.10%; Age 13, 35.90%. The only statistically significant dietary variable (P <0.15) was frequency of 100% juice exposure. New non-cavitated caries surfaces | Greater frequency of 100% juice exposure was significantly associated with fewer non-cavitated and acavitated caries surfaces. Authors concluded that less frequent 100% juice exposure might be associated with higher exposure to several other cariogenic beverages. |
| (mean): Age 5, 0.56; Age 9, 0.99; Age 13, 0.87. Frequency of 100% juice and powdered beverages were significant. | ||||||
| Ghazal et al. (20) | 2 y, N = 86; 3 y, N = 84; 4 y, N = 73 | Deciduous | At baseline, 98, 92, and 99% of children consumed milk/infant formula, 100% FJ, and water, respectively | n/a | Total (% children with d, m, f > 0) at baseline, 1.1%. Total (% children with dmf>0) at 2, 3, and 4 y were 12.8, 39.3, and 65.8%, respectively. Children who consumed 100% juice 1x/d or more had ~ 60% lower odds of developing dental caries at 3 y compared to those who consumed 100% juice less frequently/d (P = 0.049). |
Negative association between increased daily frequency of consumption of 100% juice and early childhood caries incidence might be due in part to the negative correlation between daily frequency of consumption of 100% juice and daily frequency of consumption of sugar-added beverages |
CI, confidence interval; d, day; dmf, decayed, missing, filled; FJ, fruit juice; IR, incidence rate; N, subject number; n/a, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RR, risk ratio; y, year.