Figure 4.

Addition of cytokinin enhances transient transformation efficiencies on Arabidopsis roots infected with NT1RE(pJK270) at lower bacterial concentrations. Arabidopsis root segments were infected with different concentrations [10⁵, 10⁶, 10⁷ and 10⁸ colony‐forming units (cfu)/mL] of the wild‐type Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain NT1RE(pJK270) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with or without kinetin for 2 days. Root segments were stained with 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl‐β‐d‐glucuronic acid (X‐gluc) staining solution 7 days after infection. The mean values of the transformation frequencies from at least three independent experiments are shown with standard errors. Letters ‘a’ or ‘b’ above each mean represent statistically significant differences between the presence and absence of exogenous cytokinins with the same wild‐type bacterial concentration during infection based on analysis of variance (anova) and pairwise Student's t‐test. GUS, β‐glucuronidase.