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. 2019 Jul 12;6:226. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00226

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Copyright © 2019 Kreuder, Lashley, Yaeger, Schleining and Plummer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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General histology (HE) of inoculated gallbladders and localization of C. jejuni within the gallbladder via IHC and SEM. (A) 2 h post-inoculation there are mild to moderate diffuse inflammatory infiltrates in the lamina propria mildly separating and surrounding mucosal invaginations. There is distension of the basal aspect of multifocal mucosal invaginations by inflammatory cells and cellular debris. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE). (B) 24 h post-inoculation the mucosal architecture is diffusely disrupted, the apical mucosa is necrotic, moderate numbers of glands are lined by attenuated epithelium, are ectatic and partially filled with mucus, degenerate neutrophils and pkynotic cellular debris. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE). (C) IHC staining for C. jejuni (brown) shows aggregates of organism deep within mucosal invaginations, on the mucosal surface, and in luminal debris 2 h post-inoculation. (D) IHC staining for C. jejuni (brown) shows organisms present in the necrotic remnants of mucosal invaginations 24 h post-inoculation. (E) A focal ulceration, with two intralesional C. jejuni organisms (arrows). Scanning electron micrograph (SEM). (F) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the gallbladder mucosal surface with an aggregate of C. jejuni organisms (arrow) adherent to the apical aspect of the mucosa with associated microvillus loss, clumping and blunting of adjacent microvilli.