Figure 3.

Correlation between NbARF1 protein expression and cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Leaves of an 8‐week‐old N. benthamiana plant were transiently transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the empty GVG vector or GVG‐ARF1‐HA. Forty‐eight hours later, leaves were infiltrated with 30 µm of dexamethasone (DEX) to trigger ARF1‐HA protein expression. (a) Photographs of leaf phenotypes taken at different time points (6–48 h) after DEX induction. (b) Western blot analysis of ARF1‐HA protein at the indicated time points (6–24 h) by employing the anti‐HA antibody. (c) Ion leakage in ARF1‐HA‐expressing N. benthamiana leaves compared with control (empty GVG) leaves measured at the same time points as in (b).