Table 1.

The YopJ superfamily in plant‐associated bacteria.

Allele	Pathovar of origin	Enzymatic activity	Phenotype in host	Localization	Reference
YopJ	Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis	Acetyltransferase, SUMO protease, ubiquitin protease	Inhibition of MAPK and NFκB signalling pathways; macrophage cell death; blocking both innate and adaptive immunity	?	Monack et al. (1997); Mukherjee et al. (2006); 1999, 2000); Sweet et al. (2007)
HopZ1a	Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae	Protease, acetyltransferase	HR in Arabidopsis *, †, Glycine max (soybean) † , § , Oryza sativa (rice) † , Sesamum indicum (sesame) † , Nicotiana benthamiana † , § , ††	Membrane	Lewis et al. (2008); Ma et al. (2006); Morgan et al. (2010); Zhou et al. (2009); A. Lee et al., unpublished data
HopZ1b	P. syringae pv. glycinea	Protease?, acetyltransferase?	Weak HR in Arabidopsis † , ‡‡ , HR in N. benthamiana § , †† , promotes P. syringae virulence in G. max (soybean) ‡	Membrane	Lewis et al. (2008); Ma et al. (2006); Zhou et al. (2009); A. Lee et al., unpublished data
HopZ1c	P. syringae pv. maculicola	Protease, acetyltransferase?	?	Membrane	Lewis et al. (2008); Ma et al. (2006); A. Lee et al., unpublished data
HopZ2	P. syringae pv. pisi	Protease, acetyltransferase?	HR in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) † , promotes P. syringae virulence in Arabidopsis ‡	Membrane	Arnold et al. (2001); Lewis et al. (2008); Ma et al. (2006); A. Lee et al., unpublished data
HopZ3	P. syringae pv. syringae	Protease, acetyltransferase?	HR in Nicotiana tabacum †† and Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) †† , reduces P. syringae growth and disease symptoms in Phaseolus vulgaris § , ¶ and N. benthamiana § , ¶ , suppresses HR induced by AvrPto1 †† , HopAA1 †† , HopM1 †† , HopAE1 †† and HopZ1b**, †† in N. benthamiana, promotes P. syringae virulence in Arabidopsis § , ¶	Soluble	Lewis et al. (2008); Ma et al. (2006); Vinatzer et al. (2006); Zhou et al. (2009); A. Lee et al., unpublished data
AvrBsT	Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria	?	HR in Capsicum annuum (pepper) † , ¶ , †† , C. pubescens (tree chilli) † , N. benthamiana † and Arabidopsis Pi‐0 † , suppresses AvrBs1 HR in pepper † , ¶ , ††	Nucleus	Cunnac et al. (2007); Escolar et al. (2002); Minsavage et al. (1990); Orth et al. (2000); Szczesny et al. (2010)
AvrRxv	X. campestris pv. vesicatoria	?	HR in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) † , G. max (soybean) † , Vigna sinensis (cowpea) † , Medicago sativa (alfalfa) † , Zea mays (corn) † , Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) † and Solanum esculentum (tomato) † , § , ¶ , ††	Cytoplasm or membrane	Bonshtien et al. (2005); Ciesiolka et al. (1999); 1988, 1993)
AvrXv4	X. campestris pv. vesicatoria	SUMO protease	HR in Solanum pennellii (wild tomato) † and N. benthamiana † , ††	Cytoplasm	Astua‐Monge et al. (2000); Roden et al. (2004)
XopJ	X. campestris pv. vesicatoria	?	HR in N. benthamiana †† and N. clevelandii †† , suppresses PTI in Arabidopsis ‡‡	Membrane	Bartetzko et al. (2009); Thieme et al. (2007)
PopP1	Ralstonia solanacearum	?	HR in Petunia § , ¶	Cytoplasm (predicted)	Lavie et al. (2002)
PopP2	R. solanacearum	Acetyltransferase	HR in Arabidopsis § , ¶	Nucleus	Deslandes et al. (2003); Narusaka et al. (2009); Tasset et al. (2010)
Y4LO	Rhizobium species	?	Contributes to symbiosome differentiation ¶	?	Yang et al. (2009)

HR, hypersensitive response; MAPK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase; NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; PTI, pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity.

^* Effector expressed in natural strain.

^† Cloned effector expressed in virulent strain lacking any homologue.

^‡ Cloned effector expressed in nonhost strain lacking any homologue.

^§ Cloned effector expressed in strain knocked out for same allele.

^¶ Strain knocked out for effector.

^** Cloned effector expressed in virulent strain with different homologue.

^†† Effector expressed by Agrobacterium‐mediated transient expression.

^‡‡ Effector expressed in transgenic plant.