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Penetration efficiency of the adapted powdery mildew Erysiphe necator and the nonadapted powdery mildew E. cichoracearum on Vitis vinifera. Successful penetration was scored by the presence/absence of a haustorium. Each data point represents the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments within which a minimum of 100 germinated conidia were scored on three leaves.
