Table 1. Experimental data for compositions in the Ln2O3-PdO systems.
| System | Composition | Heat treatmenta | X-ray diffraction analysesb | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temp. | Time | ||||
| mole % | °C | hr | |||
| Nd2O3-PdO | 75:25 | 780 | 18 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. |
| c 1000 | 18 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | |||
| c 1063 | 3 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | |||
| c 1103 | 2 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| d 1125 | 2 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | |||
| c 1130 | 62 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| d 1130 | 1.5 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | |||
| d 1135 | 1.5 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| d 1140 | 2 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 71:29 | 780 | 22 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 1000 | 78 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | |||
| 66.6:33.3 | 780 | 18 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 790 | 18 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 800 | 20 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 900 | 71 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 | Nonequilibrium. e | ||
| c 1000 | 18 | 2:1 | |||
| c 1050 | 504 | 2:1 | |||
| c 1070 | 2 | 2:1 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 1085 | 2 | 2:1 | |||
| 1115 | 20 | 2:1 + Nd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1205 °C specimen. | ||
| d 1115 | 2 | 2:1 | |||
| d 1125 | 2 | 2:1 | |||
| d 1130 | 2 | 2:1 | |||
| d 1135 | 2 | 2:1 + Pd + Nd2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1205 | 1 | Nd2O3 + Pd | |||
| 1300 | 1 | Nd2O3 + Pd | |||
| 62:38 | 780 | 18 | 2:1 + 1:1 + Nd2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 845 | 20 | 2:1 + 1:1 | |||
| c 1000 | 78 | 2:1 + 1:2 | |||
| 50:50 | 780 | 18 | 1:1 + Nd2O3 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 830 | 20 | 1:1 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| 842 | 15 | 1:1 + Nd2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| 845 | 144 | 2:1 + 1:2 | Reheat of 902 °C specimen. | ||
| 855 | 3 | 1:1 | |||
| 860 | 2 | 1:1 + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 865 | 2 | 1:1 + 1:2 + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 902 | 18 | 2:1 + 1:2 | |||
| c 1000 | 18 | 2:1 + 1:2 | |||
| c 1070 | 78 | 2:1 + 1:2 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| 1080 | 2 | 2:1 + 1:2 | |||
| 1085 | 2 | 2:1 + 1:2 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1090 | 2 | 2:1 + 1:2 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1100 | 4 | 2:1 + Pd + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1200 | 18 | Nd2O3 + Pd | |||
| 1250 | 2 | Nd2O3 + Pd | |||
| 38:62 | 780 | 21 | 1:2 + 1:1 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 845 | 20 | 1:2+ 1:1 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 1000 | 78 | 1:2 + 2:1 | |||
| 33.3:66.6 | 780 | 18 | 1:2+ 1:1 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c800 | 120 | 1:2 | |||
| 900 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| 925 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| 970 | 120 | 1:2 + Nd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat 1150 °C specimen. | ||
| 975 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| c 1000 | 18 | 1:2 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 1000 | 48 | 1:2 | |||
| 1025 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| 1040 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| c 1050 | 110 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1060 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1070 | 3 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1080 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1085 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| d 1090 | 1.5 | 1:2 + Pd + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1110 | 18 | 2:1 + Pd | |||
| 1130 | 2 | 2:1 + Pd | |||
| 1150 | 1 | Nd2O3 + Pd | |||
| 29:71 | 780 | 21 | 1:2 + 1:1 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 1000 | 3 | 1:2 + Pd | |||
| 1020 | 1.5 | 1:2 + Pd | |||
| 25:75 | 780 | 18 | 1:2 + 1:1 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 1000 | 3 | 1:2 + Pd | |||
| 1050 | 1.5 | 1:2 + Pd | |||
| 1075 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd | |||
| 1085 | 3 | Pd + 2:1 + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1110 | 2 | Pd + 2:1 | |||
| 1150 | 2 | Pd + Nd2O3 | |||
| 1300 | 1.5 | Pd + Nd2O3 | |||
| 0:100 | 780 | 18 | PdO | ||
| 795 | 2 | PdO | |||
| 800 | 2 | PdO + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 810 | 4 | Pd | |||
| 825 | 1.5 | Pd | |||
| 850 | 3 | Pd | |||
| 900 | 3 | Pd | |||
| 1200 | 2 | Pd | |||
| Sm2O3-PdO | 75:25 | 780 | 18 | 2:1 + Sm2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. |
| c 1103 | 3 | 2:1 + Sm2O3 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| 1140 | 1 | 2:1 + Sm2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 66.6:33.3 | 780 | 19 | 2:1 + Sm2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 790 | 120 | 2:1+ Sm2O3 + PdO | Nonequilibrium; reheat 1200 °C specimen. | ||
| c 1000 | 20 | 2:1 + Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| c 1000 | 24 | 2:1 | |||
| d 1100 | 2.5 | 2:1 | |||
| d 1110 | 2 | 2:1 | |||
| d 1115 | 2 | 2:1 + Pd + Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| d 1125 | 1.5 | 2:1 + Pd + Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1200 | 2 | Sm2O3 + Pd | |||
| 50:50 | 780 | 21 | 1:1 + 1:2+ Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 800 | 144 | 2:1 + 1:2 | Reheat of 1000 °C specimen. | ||
| c 830 | 20 | 1:1 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| 830 | 5 | 1:1 | |||
| 850 | 2 | 1:1 | Reheat of 830 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 880 | 2.5 | 1:1 | Reheat of 830 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| c 902 | 18 | 1:1 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| 915 | 1.5 | 1:1 | Reheat of 830 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 935 | 2 | 1:1 | Reheat of 830 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 940 | 2 | 1:1 + 1:2 + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 830 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 1000 | 20 | 2:1 + 1:2 | |||
| 1100 | 3 | 2:1 + Pd + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1200 | 2.5 | Sm2O3 + Pd | |||
| 33.3:66.6 | 780 | 21 | 1:2 + 1:1 + Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 790 | 120 | 1:2 + PdO + Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1150 °C specimen. | ||
| c 800 | 54 | 1:2 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 1000 | 20 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1055 | 2.5 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1060 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| d 1075 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd + Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1150 | 1 | Sm2O3 + Pd | |||
| 25:75 | 780 | 21 | 1:2 + PdO + Sm2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 1050 | 1.5 | 1:2 + Pd | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| La2O3-PdO | 66.6:33.3 | 780 | 20 | La2O3 + PdO + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. |
| c 1000 | 18 | 2:1 + La2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| c 1000 | 72 | 2:1 + La2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| c 1070 | 66 | 2:1 | Ouenched in ice water | ||
| 1150 | 2 | 2:1 | Reheat of 1070 °C specimen. | ||
| 1160 | 3 | 2:1 | Reheat of 1070 °C specimen. | ||
| 1185 | 2 | 2:1 | Reheat of 1070 °C specimen. | ||
| 1190 | 2 | 2:1 + La2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1070 °C specimen. | ||
| 50:50 | 780 | 20 | La2O3 + PdO + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 850 | 144 | 2:1 + 1:2 | |||
| c 1000 | 18 | 2:1 + 1:2 | |||
| 1000 | 144 | 2:1 + 1:2 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1310 °C specimen. | ||
| 1310 | 2 | La2O3 + Pd + La(OH)3 | La2O3 commonly hydrates at room temperature. | ||
| 33.3:66.6 | 780 | 20 | La2O3 + PdO + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 1000 | 18 | 1:2 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 1070 | 66 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1085 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1090 | 2 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1100 | 2.5 | 1:2 | |||
| d 1105 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| d 1110 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| d 1140 | 2 | 2:1 + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| Eu2O3-PdO | 66.6:33.3 | 780 | 18 | Eu2O3 + PdO + 1:1 + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium. |
| c 900 | 10 | 2:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| c 950 | 48 | 2:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequlibriume; quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 1050 | 36 | 2:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| 1085 | 2 | 2:1 + Eu2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibriume; reheat of 1050 °C specimen. | ||
| 1090 | 2 | 2:1 + Eu2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibriume; reheat of 1050 °C specimen. | ||
| 1095 | 2 | 2:1 + Eu2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibriume; reheat of 1050 °C specimen. | ||
| 50:50 | 780 | 18 | Eu2O3 + 1:1 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| 800 | 144 | 1:2 + 2:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1000 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| c 850 | 67 | 1:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| c 900 | 168 | 1:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| 960 | 2 | 1:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibriume; reheat of 900 °C specimen. | ||
| 980 | 2 | 1:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| 985 | 2 | 1:1 + Eu2O3 + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 990 | 2 | 1:1 + Eu2O3 + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1000 | 20 | 1:2 + 2:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 1000 | 144 | 1:2 + 2:1 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1250 °C specimen. | ||
| 1250 | 2 | Eu2O3 + Pd | |||
| 33.3:66.6 | 780 | 18 | 1:2 + PdO + Eu2O3 + 1:1 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 900 | 10 | 1:2 + Eu2O3 | Nonequilibriume; quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 950 | 96 | 1:2 | |||
| 1040 | 2 | 1:2 | Reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1045 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1050 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1055 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd + 2:1 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| Gd2O3-PdO | 66.6:33.3 | 780 | 18 | Gd2O3 + 1:1 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. |
| c 900 | 144 | 1:1 + Gd2O3 | |||
| 50:50 | 780 | 18 | Gd2O3 + 1:1 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 900 | 20 | 1:1 + Gd2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| 900 | 72 | 1:2 + Gd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1100 °C specimen. | ||
| 1000 | 2.5 | 1:1 + Gd2O3 | Nonequilibriume; reheat of 900 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 1005 | 2 | 1:1 + Gd2O3 + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 900 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 1010 | 3 | 1:1 + Gd2O3 + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 900 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 1020 | 2 | 1:1 + Gd2O3 + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 900 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 1040 | 2 | Gd2O3 + Pd + 1:2 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 900 °C 20 hr specimen. | ||
| 1100 | 3 | Gd2O3 + Pd | |||
| 33.3:66.6 | 780 | 18 | 1:1 + 1:2 + Gd2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 900 | 144 | 1:2 + Gd2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| c 950 | 28 | 1:2 + 1:1 | Nonequilibriume; quenched in ice water. | ||
| 1015 | 2 | 1:2 + Gd2O3 | Nonequilibriume; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1020 | 2 | 1:2 + Gd2O3 | Nonequilibriume; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1025 | 2 | 1:2 + Gd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1030 | 2 | 1:2 + Gd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1035 | 2 | 1:2 + Gd2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| 1040 | 2 | 1:2 + Pd + Gd2O3 | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 950 °C specimen. | ||
| Dy2O3-pdO | 66.6:33.3 | 780 | 18 | 1:1 + PdO + Dy2O3 | Nonequilibrium. |
| 850 | 67 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 | |||
| c 900 | 18 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 | Quenched in ice water. | ||
| c 1000 | 144 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 | |||
| 50:50 | 780 | 18 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 + PdO | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 900 | 68 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 | Nonequilibrium.e | ||
| 790 | 120 | Dy2O3 + PdO + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 1250 °C specimen. | ||
| 1000 | 144 | Dy2O3 + Pd | Reheat of 1250 °C specimen. | ||
| 1010 | 2 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 | Reheat of 900 °C specimen. | ||
| 1025 | 2 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 | Reheat of 900 °C specimen. | ||
| 1030 | 2 | 1:1 + Dy2O3 + Pd | Nonequilibrium; reheat of 900 °C specimen. | ||
| 1250 | 2 | Dy2O3 + Pd | |||
| 33.3:66.6 | 780 | 18 | 1:1 + PdO + Dy2O3 | Nonequilibrium. | |
| c 900 | 20 | 1:1 + Pd | |||
| 1050 | 120 | Pd + Dy2O3 | |||
| Ho2O3-pdO | 50:50 | 780 | 18 | Ho2O3 + PdO | |
| c 790 | 20 | Ho2O3 + PdO | |||
| 800 | 2 | Ho2O3 + PdO + Pd | Nonequilibrium. | ||
| 900 | 120 | Ho2O3 + Pd | |||
| Y2O3-pdO | 50:50 | 780 | 18 | Y2O3 + PdO | |
| c 790 | 20 | Y2O3 + PdO | |||
| 900 | 120 | Y2O3 + Pd | |||
| 1000 | 144 | Y2O3 + Pd | |||
| Er2O3-PdO | 50:50 | 780 | 18 | Er2O3 + PdO | |
| c 790 | 20 | Er2O3 + PdO | |||
| 900 | 120 | Er2O3 + Pd | |||
| Tm2O3-PdO | 50:50 | 780 | 18 | Tm2O3 + PdO | |
| c 790 | 18 | Tm2O3 + PdO | |||
| 900 | 120 | Tm2O3 + Pd | |||
| 1000 | 23 | Tm2O3 + Pd | |||
| Yb2O3-PdO | 50:50 | 780 | 18 | Yb2O3 + PdO | |
| c 790 | 18 | Yb2O3 + PdO | |||
| 900 | 120 | Yb2O3 + Pd | |||
| Lu2O3-PdO | 50:50 | 780 | 21 | Lu2O3 + PdO | |
| c 790 | 18 | Lu2O3 + PdO | |||
| 900 | 68 | Lu2O3 + Pd | |||
| 1000 | 25 | Lu2O3 + Pd | |||
All specimens were heat treated at 770 °C, a minimum of 18 hr. Unless otherwise indicated, fused silica tubes (sealed at one end) were used for specimen containers and were air quenched.
The phases identified are given in order of the relative amount present at room temperature.
Sealed platinum tubes were used for specimen containers.
Reheat of 1000 °C specimen.
PdO probably lost by volatilization.