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. 2019 Jul 12;7(13):e14137. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14137

Figure 2.

Figure 2

(A) Raw264.7 macrophages were polarized into (B) a pro‐inflammatory phenotype with LPS treatment or into (C) an anti‐inflammatory phenotype with IL‐4 treatment (scale bars = 50 μm). F‐actin staining with rhodamine‐conjugated phalloidin (red) demonstrates the morphological features of (D) untreated, (E) LPS‐treated or (F) IL‐4‐treated macrophages (scale bars = 10 μm). (G) Gene expression profiles of LPS‐ and IL‐4‐treated macrophages after 24 h of activation relative to untreated macrophages (LPS‐treated n = 7, Il‐4‐treated n = 6, Independent Samples T‐test or Mann–Whitney Test, *P < 0.05). (H) Inflammatory cytokine secretion from untreated, LPS and IL‐4‐treated macrophages in monoculture after 3 days (n = 1).