Table 2.

Summary Descriptions of NEXT-D Studies

	Population			Sample Size*	Intervention	Study Details			Outcomes	Other variables
	Characteristics	Location	Insurance Status	Source and pool available	Description	Design	Duration	Comparator
Mount Sinai	Adults aged ≥18 years	Adults attending 3 community clinics and 3 academic private practices	34.6% uninsured; 56.4% public insurance; 7.1% Private; 1.9% other	64,630 patients attending NYC clinics	EHR with built in screening and enhanced care prompts; plus physician training	Retrospective interrupted time series	12 months	Clinics with delayed implementation of enhanced EHR	A1c testing Change in A1c at 12 months	Stratified by screening eligibility Other: BMI, lipids, BP
KPNC	Adults at high risk for diabetes Primary care patients	Insured adults in integrated health system	100% insured	EHR, claims, and pharmacy data for 3.8 million beneficiaries	Employer-based screening outreach Telephonic wellness coaching Exercise as a Vital Sign screening	Pre-post with control sites Retrospective interrupted time series	Varies by analysis: most had 12 months pre- and 12 months postintervention data	Employers not providing outreach or wellness coaching	Glucose testing Change in weight, physical activity, blood pressure, lipids	Patient surveys via phone and internet
NU	Adults with prediabetes	National data from large insurance company	100% insured through employers	Claims and pharmacy records from ~500,000 adult employees	Group based lifestyle intervention delivered by YMCA and offered as covered benefit by employers	Retrospective difference in differences	18 to 24 months pre- and postexposure to intervention	Propensity score matched control group without program as covered benefit	Reach, Adoption, Session attendance Health care expenditures Weight change	Employer-and employee-level matching
Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare	Members aged 12–64 years with type 1 and type 2 diabetes	National data from large insurance company	100% insured through employers	Medical, inpatient and pharmacy claims from over 200,000 individuals	Employer- mandated switch to high- deductible health plans	Retrospective interrupted time series with control series	1 year pre- and 1–2 years post-plan switch	Enrollees through companies offering only low deductible plans and matched on person- and employer-level characteristics	Disease monitoring Drug adherence Health service use Acute diabetes complications; severe ED visits; inpatient days Total health care costs	Stratified by income and morbidity levels
UCLA	Working age adults with prediabetes and diabetes	National data from large insurance company	100% insured through employers	Claims and pharmacy records over 200 large and medium-sized employers	Employers purchased Diabetes Health Plan (DHP): insurance product with low or no cost sharing for evidence-based treatments	Retrospective difference in differences analyses	3 years	Comparable employers and enrollees where DHP was not purchased	Adherence to medications and services Adherence to preventive services	Employer-and enrollee-level matching

^*sample size varies by analysis; numbers show the source and size of potential data pool available

Abbreviations: KPNC, Kaiser Permanente Northern California; NU, Northwestern University; UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles; EHR, electronic health records; A1c, glycated hemoglobin; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; ED, emergency department