Table 2.
Overview of in vivo preclinically evaluated fluorescent nanobodies with potential for clinical interventional molecular imaging and photodynamic therapy.
| Molecular Target | Lead Compound | Fluorophore | Conjugation Strategy | Intended Clinical Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HER2 | 2Rs15d | IRDye800CW IRDye680RD | Random (Lys–NHS) | - | [111] |
| IRDye800CW IRDye680RD | Site-specific (Cys–maleimide) | Intraoperative imaging of breast/ovarian cancer | [111,123] | ||
| Cy5 | Site-specific (Sortase A) | Intraoperative imaging of breast cancer | [38] | ||
| 11A4 | IRDye800CW IRDye680RD | Site-specific (Cys–maleimide) | Intraoperative imaging of breast cancer | [122,124] | |
| CAIX | B9 | IRDye800CW | Site-specific (Cys–maleimide) | Intraoperative imaging of breast cancer | [121,122] |
| EGFR | 7D12 | IRDye800CW | Random (Lys–NHS) | Intraoperative imaging of head and neck cancer | [109] |
| 7D12, 7D12-9G6 | IRDye700DX | Random (Lys–NHS) | Photodynamic therapy of head and neck cancer | [125] |
NHS: N-Hydroxysuccinimide, HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, CAIX: carbonic anhydrase 9, EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor.